GIFT  OF 
Miss  J.   T.   Vinther 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL 
sTc>IILITARY  TRAINING 

By  MAJOR  JAS.  A.IMOSS,  United  State*  Army 


B.     PASQUALE    CO. 

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QUESTIONS  ON 

MANUAL  ^/MILITARY 

TRAINING 


BY  MAJOR  JAS.  A.  MOSS,  V.  S.  Army 
\ 


Enables  Mastery  of  Manual,  and  Preparation, 

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and  Examinations 

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Copyright  1917 

By 
JAS.  A.  Moss 


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(Order   from    nearest    one) 
UNITED  STATES: 

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Fort  Leavenworth.  Kan. 

TJ.  S.  Cavalry  Association. 

Book  Department,   Army  Service   Schools. 
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New  York. 

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San    Francisco..    Cal.     B.    Pasquale    Co.,    115-117    Post    St.,    Wester 

Distributer. 
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Army  and  Navy  Register,  511    Eleventh   St.,   N.  W. 

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U.    S.    Infantry   Association,   Union    Trust   Bldg. 
PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS:      Philippine   Education   Co.,   Manila,    P.    I. 
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CANAL  ZONE;     Post  Exchange,  Empire,  C.  Z. 


Girr  OF 


PRELUDE 

THE  OBJECT  AND  ADVANTAGES  OF  MILITARY 
TRAINING 

Object 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

]<•          *. .'  "  l.'!&(iyantages  of  Military  Training 

are  the  principal  ^advantages  of  military  training  ? 
""***-* 'din.  the  grbilitylto  use  his  hands,  does  the  soldier's  all  around 


What  control  does  the  soldier's  mind  exercise  over  his  limbs  and  body? 
(15) 

In  shooting,  what  parts  of  the  man's  body  does  the  mind  cause  to  work 
in  harmony?  (15) 

What  does  the  soldier  acquire  by  learning  control  of  his  body  and  the 
habits  of  discipline?  (15) 

How  does  military  life  and  training  teach  a  man  loyalty?     (16) 

What  does  the  smooth  running  of  the  military  machine  depend  upon? 
(17) 

How  are  the  habits  of  orderliness  instilled  in  a  soldier?     (17) 

Upon  what  is  self -confidence  founded?     (18) 

What  gives  the  soldier  self-confidence?     (18) 

What  does  respect  for  constituted  authority  teach  the  soldier?     (18) 

What  parts *of  a  soldier's  instruction  train  his  eye  and  mind  to  observe? 
(19) 

In  drilling,  patrolling,  and  all  phases  of  a  soldier's  training,  what  prin- 
ciples are  taught  the  soldier?  (20) 

What  is  the  cardinal  habit  of  a  soldier?     (21) 

How  does  this  habit  increase  his  value  in  civil  life?     (21) 

What  does  military  training  with  its  drills  and  other  forms  of  physical 
exercise  give  a  soldier?  (22) 

What  other  physical  benefits  does  this  mean?     (22) 

What  is  one  of  the  greatest  blessings  of  life?     (22) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  5 

PART  I 

DRILLS,  EXERCISES,  CEREMONIES  AND 
INSPECTIONS 

CHAPTER  I 
INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS 

Definitions 

What  is  meant  by  alignment?     (24) 

In  any  movement  what  is  meant  by  the  base?     (25) 

What  is  the  battle  sight?     (26) 

What  is  the  center  of  a  command?     (27) 

What  do  you  mean  by  a  column?     (28) 

What  is  meant  by  deploy?     (29) 

What  is  depth?     (30) 

What  is  distance  and  how  is  it  measured?     (31) 

What  is  the  distance  between  rank  either  in  column  or  line?      (32) 

What  is  an  element?     (33) 

What  is  (a)  a  file;  (b)  a  file  leader;   (c)  a  blank  file?     (34) 

What  is  meant  by  flank?     (35) 

When  we  speak  of  a  formation  what  is  meant?     (36) 

What  is  meant  by  front?     (37) 

What  is  the  front  of  a*  man  assumed  to  be?     (37) 

What  is  a  guide?     (38) 

What  is  meant  by  head  as  applied  to  a  formation  of  troops?     (39) 

What  is,  meant  by  interval?     (40) 

What  is  the  interval  between  men  in  ranks?     (40) 

How  is  interval  measured?     (40) 

What  is  the  difference  between  interval  and  distance?     (40  and  31) 

What  is  meant  by  the  left  of  a  command?     (41) 

What  is  a  line  formation?     (42) 

What  is  close  order  ?     ( 43 ) 

What  is  extended  order?     (44) 

What  is  meant  by  a  pace?      (45) 

How  long  is  a  pace?     (45) 

What  is  the  point  of  rest?     (46) 

What  is  a  rank?     (47) 

What  is  the  right  of  a  body  of  troops?      (48) 

What  do  we  mean  by  "Echelon"?     (49) 

Show  by  diagram  a  battalion  in  echelon.      (49) 

Introduction 

What  is  the  ultimate  object  of  all  military  training?     (50) 
When  may  success  in  battle  be  looked  for?     '(50) 
Who  is  responsible  for  the  training  of  organizations?     (51) 
By  what  is  the  excellence  of  an  organization  judged?     (51) 
Upon  what  does  the  field  efficiency  of  an  organization  depend?     (51) 
In  the  training  of  an  organization,  what  is  indispensable  to  the  effi- 
ency  of  the  whole?     (51) 

Only  by  what  means  may  the  requisite  teamwork  be  developed?     (51) 
What  is  essential  to  correct  training  for  battle?     (52) 
What  principles  do  the  Drill  Regulations  provide?     (53) 
What  should  be  sought  in  the  interpretation  of  the  regulations  ?     ( 53 ) 


6  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TRAINING 

What  is  quibbling  over  the  minutiae  of  form  indicative  of?     (53) 

What  is  the  object  of  drills  executed  at  attention  and  the  ceremonies 
(55-a) 

What  is  the  purpose  of  extended  order  drill?     (55-b) 

What  is  the  nature  of  such  drills?     (55-b) 

How  is  extended  order  drill  executed?     (55-b) 

What  is  the  largest  unit  which  executes  extended  order  drill?     (55-b) 

What  is  the  object  of  field  exercises  and  how  should  each  conclud 
(55-c) 

What  does  the  combat  exercise  consist  of?     (55-d) 

What  should  combat  exercises  simulate  as  far  as- possible ?     (55-d) 

What  should  be  done  in  order  to  familiarize  officers  and  men  with  batt 
conditions?  (55-d) 

What  is  necessary  in  order  to  voice  the  proper  control  of  the  firing  lin 
(55-d) 

By  what  should  every  combat  exercise  be  followed?     (55-d) 

When  is  the  enemy  said  to  be  imaginary?  Outlined?  Represente< 
(56)  _ 

Give  the  arrangements  of  the  elements  of  preparatory  commands  co 
sisting  of  more  than  one  part:  (a)  for  movements  to  be  executed  succe 
sively  by  subdivisions;  (b)  for  movements  to  be  executed  simultaneously  ' 
subdivisions.  (57.) 

Where  "double  time"  forms  part  of  a  command,  what  is  its  position 
same?  (60) 

What  is  done  at  the  command;  1.  In  place;  2.  HALT?  What  is  do 
with  the  pieces?  (63) 

(a)     What  is  the  rule  as  to  the  guide  of  the  company  or  subdivision 
same?     (b)     When  is  this  rule  departed  from?     (c)     When  announceme 
of  the  guide  forms  part  of  command  for  a  movement,  where  is  the  announc 
ment  with  respect  to  the  word  "March,"  and  what  exception  to  this  rule 
there,  if  any?      (65) 

By  what  and  when  is  used:   (a)  the  turn  on  fixed  pivot;   (b)  the  turn  on 
moving  pivot?      (66) 

What  do  the  designations  line  of  platoons,  line  of  companies,  line  of 
battalions,  refer  to?     (68) 

Why  and  when  does  each  man  place  the  left  hand  on  the  hip?     (70) 

Give  the  rule  regarding  the  posts  of  special  units   (mounted  orderlies, 
etc.)  at  other  than  ceremonies.     (72) 

Give  the  rule  for  the  post  and  formation  of  the  staff  of  a  general  offi- 
cer.    (73) 

For  ceremonies,  what  is  done  with  mounted  men  of  a  regiment  not  be- 
longing to  the  machine  gun  organization?      (76) 

What  is  the  post  of  a  dismounted  non-commissioned  staff  officer  at  cere- 
monies?    (77) 

For   other   than   ceremonies,   where   are   non-commissioned   officers   and 
orderlies?     (78) 

Orders,  Commands,  and  Signals 

When  does  a  movement  ordered  by  a  signal  commence?     (82) 
What  does  the  word  ' l  order ' '  embrace  in  the  Infantry  Drill  Regulations, 

and  when  is  an  order  used?     (85) 

What  is  said  regarding  enunciation  of   (a)   preparatory  commands,  and 

(b)   commands  of  execution?     (87) 

Name  the  bugle  signals  that  may  be  used  (a)  off  the  battlefield,  and  (b) 

on  the  battlefield.     (90) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  7 

Describe  the  whistle  signals.      (91) 

Describe  the  signal  (s)  :  (a)  Forward,  march;  (b)  Halt;  (c)  Double 
ime,  march;  (d)  Squads  right,  march;  (e)  Squads  left,  march;  (f)  Squad 
ight  about,  march  (to  the  rear,  if  extended)  ;  (g)  Change  direction  or 
olumn  right,  march;  (h)  As  skirmishers,  march;  (i)  As  skirmishers,  guide 
enter,  march;  (k)  As  skirmishers,  guide  right,  march;  (1)  As  skirmishers, 
ruide  left  march;  (m)  Assemble,  march ;  (n)  Range,  or  change  elevation; 
o)  Suspend  firing;  (p)  Cease  firing;  (q)  Platoon;  (r)  Squad;  (s)  Rush. 
92) 

Of  what  use  are  the  signals  platoons  and  squad?     (93) 

Describe  the  signal  flags  carried  by  the  company  buglers  in  the  field. 
94) 

Give  the  letters  of  alphabet,  with  meaning  of  the  same,  used  to  com- 
nunicate  between  the  firing  line  and  the  reserve  or  the  commander  in  rear. 
96) 

School  of  the  Soldier 

Give  the  position  of  the  soldier,  or  attention.     (99) 

Give  the  commands  for  the^  different  classes  of  rests  and  describe  execu- 
ion  of  same.  (100-1) 

Describe:  1.  Eight  (left);  2.  FACE  and  "to  face  in  marching." 
104) 

Describe:     I.  About;  2.    FACE,      (105) 

What  is  done  at:     1.  Eight  (left^,  hand;     2.     SALUTE!     (106^1 

Does  the  soldier  ever  step  off  with  right  foot  in  executing  command : 
4  arch?  (107) 

What  are  the  length  and  the  cadence  of  the  different  steps  ?     (108) 

What  is  done  at  the  preparatory  command  in:  1.  Forward;  2.  MAR^Rf 
110) 

What  is  done  in  preparatory  command  in:  1.  Double  time;  2.  MARCH? 
are  the  forearms  brought  up?  (HI) 

In  resuming  quick,  from  double  time,  is  one  step  in  double  time  taken 
fter  the  command:  March?  (Ill) 

How  high  is  the  foot  raised  in  mark  time?  May  it  be  ordered  from  the 
alt?  (112) 

What  are  the  commands  to  resume  the  full  step  from  half  step  or  mark 
ime?  (113) 

What  is  the  length  of  side  step?  How  is  piece  carried  while  executing 
ame?  (114) 

What  is  the  length  of  back  step?  How  is  piece  carried  while  executing 
ame?  (115) 

Describe  execution  of:     1.  Squad;  2.  HALT.     (116) 

Describe  execution  of:  1.  By  the  right  (left)  flank;  2.  MARCH. 
117) 

Describe  the  execution  of:  1.  To  the  rear;  2.  MARCH.     (118) 

Describe  the  execution  of:  1.  Change  step;  2.  MARCH.      (119) 

What  are  the  rules  that  govern  the  carrying  of  the  piece:  (a)  as  regards 
artridges  and  safety  locks;  (b)  inspection  of  piece;  (c)  cut  off;  (d)  bay- 
net;  (e)  executing  command  march  when  at  order;  (f)  movements  exe- 
uted  at  trail  without  caution  to  that  effect;  (g)  coming  to  order  on  halt- 
ig.  (121) 

What  are  the  rules  that  govern  the  execution  of  the  manual:  (a)  as  to 
le  thumb  of  left  hand  at  balance;  (b)  motion  next  to  last  in  coming  to 
rder  arms;  (c)  abuse  of  the  rifle;  (d)  execution  by  numbers;  (e)  carry - 
ng  piece  in  manner  not  prescribed?  (122) 


8  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

Describe  position  of  order  arms  standing.     (123) 
Being  at  order,  how  is:   1.  Present;  2.  ARMS  executed?     (124) 
Being  at  order,  how  is:  1.  Port;  2.  ARMS  executed?     (125) 
Being  at  present,  how  is:  1.  Port;  2.  ARMS  executed?      (126) 
Being  at  present  or  port,  how  is:  1.  Order;  2.  ARMS  executed?     (128 
Being  at  order,  how  is:   1.  Eight  shoulder;  2.  ARMS  executed?     (129 
Being  at  right  shoulder,  how  is:   1.  Order;  2.  ARMS  executed?     (130 
Being  at  port,  how  is:  1.  Eight  shoulder;  2.  ARMS  executed?     (131) 
Being  at  right  shoulder,  how  is:  1.  Port;  2.  ARMS  executed?     (132) 
Being  at  right  shoulder,  how  is:  1.  Present;  2.  ARMS  executed?     (133 
Being  at  present,  how  is:  1.  Eight  shoulder;  2.  ARMS  executed?     (134' 
Being  at  port,  how  is:   1.  Left  shoulder;  2.  ARMS  executed?     (135) 
Being  at  left  shoulder,  how  is:   1.  Port;  2.  ARMS  executed?     (136) 
What  is  the  rule  for  coming  to  left  shoulder  from  any  other  position  ii 

manual,  and  reverse?     (136) 

Being  at  order,  how  is:  1.  Parade;  2.  REST  executed?     (137) 

Being  at  order,  how  is:  1.  Trail;  2.  ARMS  executed?     What  secondar; 

position  of  piece  may  be  sometimes  used?     (139) 

Being  at  right  shoulder,  how  is:  1.  Eifle;  2.  SALUTE  executed?  (141] 
Being  at  order  or  trail,  how  is:  1.  Eifle;  2.  SALUTE  executed?  (141 
Being  at  order,  how  is:  1.  Fix;  2.  BAYONET  executed?  (a)  Whei 

carried  on  the  belt;   (b)  when  carried  on  haversacks?     (142) 

Being  at  order,  how  is:  1.  Unfix;  2.  BAYONET  executed?     (a)     Whei 

carried  on  belt;   (b)  when  carried  on  haversack?     (143) 

Being  at  order,  how  is:  1.  Inspection;  2.  ARMS  executed?     (145) 
Being  at  inspection,  how  is:  1.  Order  (Right  shoulder,  port)  ;  2.  ARMS 

executed?     (146) 

What  are  the  commands  to  dismiss  the  squad?     (147) 

School  of  the  Squad 

When  the  corporal  leaves  the  ranks  to  leave  his  squad,  what  is  done: 
(a)  by  his  rear  rank  man;  (b)  by  No.  3,  rear  rank,  if  anything?  (150) 

In  school  of  squad,  how  is:  1.  Eight  (left);  2.  DRESS;  3.  FRONT  exe 
cuted?  (154) 

To  preserve  the  alignment  when  marching,  what  command  is  used' 
(155) 

The  squad  being  in  line  at  a  halt,  what  are  the  commands  for  taking 
intervals  and  how  are  they  executed?  (156) 

Being  at  intervals,  what  are  the  commands  to  assemble,  and  how  are 
they  executed?  (157) 

Being  in  line  at  a  halt  and  having  counted  off,  what  are  the  commands 
to  take  the  distances,  and  how  are  they  executed?  (158) 

Being  at  distances,  what  are  the  commands  to  assemble  the  squad,  anc 
how  are  they  executed?  (159) 

In  what  way  does  command  for  stacking  arms  vary  from  the  rule  laid 
down  in  paragraph  38?  (160) 

How  is  STACK  ARMS  executed?     (160) 

How  is  TAKE  ARMS  executed?     (161) 

In  stacking  and  taking  arms,  what  is  done  when  No.  2  is  a  blank  file? 
(161) 

What  preliminary  instruction  is  laid  down  to  teach  squad  how  to  oblique? 
(162) 

How  is:  1.  Eight  oblique;  2.  MARCH  executed?  What  do  the  men  do  if 
halt  is  given;  what  is  command  to  resume  original  direction;  what  is  com- 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  9 

nand  to  resume  oblique  march  if  at  half  step  or  mark  time  while  obliquing? 
1163) 

In  school  of  squad,  how  is:  1.  Eight  (left)  turn;  2.  MARCH  executed? 
'164) 

How  is:   1.  Squad  right  (left);  2.  MARCH  executed?     (165) 

The  squad  being  in  line,  what  are  the  commands  to  cause  it  to  turn  on 
ixed  pivot  and  halt?  (166) 

The  squad  being  in  line,  what  are  the  commands  to  cause  it  to  turn  about 
ind  march,  and  how  is  movement  executed?  (167) 

The  squad  being  in  line,  what  are  the  commands  to  cause  it  to  turn  about 
ind  halt,  and  how  is  movement  executed?  (168) 

How  is  FOLLOW  ME,  by  the  corporal,  executed:  (a)  In  line  or  line  of 
jkirmishers,  and  (b)  if  in  column?  (169) 

What  are  the  commands  for  deploying  the  squad  as  skirmishers  and  how 
Ls  the  movement  executed?  (170) 

Who  is  the  guide  of  a  single  squad  deployed  as  skirmishers?     (170) 

What  is  the  interval  between  skirmishers  and  what  is  the  front  of  a 
squad  deployed?  (171) 

What  are  the  commands  for  increasing  or  decreasing  intervals  between 
skirmishers?  (172) 

(a)  Can  a  deployed  squad  be  assembled  and  at  the  same  time  continue 
ihe  advance?  If  so,  how?  (b)  What  restriction  is  there  on  assembling? 
(173) 

Describe  how  to  "KNEEL."     (174) 

Describe  how  to  "LIE  DOWN."     (175) 

What  is  the  position  of  order  arms  lying  down?      (175) 

When  kneeling  or  lying  down  in  double  rank,  what  do  the  rear  rank  men 
do:  (a)  at  the  commands  for  loading;  (b)  at  the  commands  for  firing? 
(179) 

Iii  firing  by  volleys,  does  "LOAD"  follow  each  command  "FIRE"? 
(180  and  189) 

What  are  the  commands,  if  prescribed,  in  the  firings  for  target  and  sight- 
setting?  (181) 

When  are  the  aiming  point  and  sight-setting  designated?     (181) 

The  men  are  standing  at  ease  in  skirmish  line  and  the  corporal  com- 
mands RANGE,  TWELVE  HUNDRED,  what  do  the  men  do?  (183  and 
188) 

When  deployed,  is  the  use  of  the  sling  obligatory?     (184) 

Being  in  line  or  skirmish  line  at  the  halt,  what  are  the  commands  for 
oading?  (185  and  186) 

What  are  the  positions  of  load:  (a)  standing:  (b)  kneeling;  (c)  lying 
down?  (185) 

What  is  said  of  using  the  rifle  as  a  single  loader?     (186) 

In  executing  "UNLOAD,"  with  cartridges,  what  is  necessary  in  order 
to  close  the  bolt  after  the  last  cartridge  is  ejected?  (187) 

Give  specimen  command  for  sight-setting.    *(188) 

What  are  the  commands  for  firing  by  volley,  and  how  are  they  executed? 

What  are  the  commands  to  continue  firing  by  volley?      (189) 

What  are  the  commands  for  firing  at  will?      (190) 

What  are  the  commands  for  increasing  or  decreasing  rate  of  fire  at  will, 
and  what  is  the  rate  per  minute  of  such  class  of  fire  to  which  the  men  should 
be  trained?  (191) 

What  are  the  commands  for  firing  by  clip,  and  how  are  they  executed? 
(192) 


10  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 


How  is  firing  suspended,  and  what  is  done  at  such  command!     (193 
What  is  done  at  CEASE  FIRING?     (194) 

What  method  of  advance  equivalent  to  crawling  is  suggested?  ^ 

A  man  acting  alone  is  fired  upon  unexpectedly,  what  is  his  best  course  of 
action?  (198) 

School  of  the  Company 

What  is  the  minimum  number  of  men  in  a  squad?     (203) 

Into  how  many  platoons  is  the  company  divided,  and  upon  what  does  the 
number  depend?  (204) 

What  is  said  of  the  numbering  and  designations  of  platoons  and  squads? 
(205) 

How  are  platoons  assigned  to  leaders?     (206) 

What  use  is  made  of  the  first  sergeant  as  guide  or  platoon  leader?  Ol 
the  supply  sergeant?  (207) 

What  is  said  of  division  into  platoons  when,  company  has  less  than  four 
squads?  (209) 

What  are  the  posts:  (a)  in  a  company  in  line  of  the  officers,  sergeants 
and  buglers;  (b)  of  a  company  in  column  of  squads,  (c)  in  column  of  pla- 
toons, (d)  in  skirmish  line  at  a  halt?  (Plate  11) 

(a)  What  platoon  guides  are  also  company  guides,  and  when?  (b)  in 
platoon  movements  where  are  the  platoon  guides?  (210) 

What  are  the  commands  to  change  file  closers  from  one  flank  of  a  col- 
umn of  squads  to  the  other?  (b)  In  what  direction  is  the  dress  in  column 
of  squads?  (211) 

What  is  the  rule  as  to  execution  of  the  manual  and  of  the  loadings  and 
firings  by  file  closers?  (212) 

What  do  the  right  and  left  guide  do  in  taking  intervals  and  distances  ? 
(213) 

What  commands  do  the  platoon  leaders  repeat,  and  what  commands  are 
given  by  the  captain  only?  (214) 

What  does  the  first  sergeant  do  in  forming  the  company?     (21o) 

What  is  said  about  drSling  the  company  in  single  rank?     (21(5) 

Describe  how  to  dismiss  the  company?     (217) 

What  is  the  post  of  the  captain  in  the  alignments?     (218) 

The  company  being  in  line,  what  are  the  commands  to  turn  on  iixed 
pivot,  and  how  are  they  executed?  (219) 

The  company  being  in  line,  what  are  the  commands  to  form  column  of 
platoons,  or  the  reverse,  and  how  are  they  executed?  (220) 

The  company  being  in  line,  what  are  the  commands  to  form  column  of 
squads,  or  the  reverse,  and  how  are  they  executed?  (221) 

The  company  being  in  line,  what  are  the  commands  to  change  direction 
(i.  e.,  turn  on  moving  pivot),  and  how  are  they  executed?  (222) 

The  company  being  in  column  of  platoons,  what  are  the  commands  for 
changing  direction,  arid  how  are  they  executed?  (223) 

The  company  being  in  column  of  squads,  what  are  the  commands  for 
changing  direction,  and  how  executed?  (224), 

The  company  being  in  column  of  squads,  what  are  the  commands  to  form 
line  of  platoons,  or  the  reverse?  (225) 

The  company  being  in  line,  what  are  the  commands  to  form  column  of 
squads  and  change  direction,  and  how  are  they  executed?  (226) 

The  company  being  in  line,  what  ar6  the  commands  to  form  line  of  pla 
toons?  (227) 

What  are  the  commands  to  march  the  company  to  the  rear  turning  by 
squads,  and  how  are  they  executed?  (228) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  11 


12  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

Are  slower  methods  of  advance  than  the  rush  allowable?     (261) 

What  is  the  rule  as  to  deploying  the  support?     (262) 

Who  controls  the  movements  of  the  support,  and  what  is  said  as  to  siz 

of  bodies  reinforcing  the  firing  line?     (263) 

In  what  manner  does  a  reinforcement  join  the  firing  line?     (264) 
What  is  prescribed  for  officers  and  sergeants  in  the  reinforcement  tha 

joins  the  firing  line?      (266) 

When  the  company  is  acting  alone ,  what  duties  have  platoon  leaders  re 

garding  combat  patrols?     (268) 

Who  gives  commands  for  firing  when  in  skirmish  formation?      (270) 
What  is  said  as  to  use  of  whistle:   (a)  under  usual  conditions  of  fire  am 

(b)  when  advance  is  by  rushes?     (271) 

What  duties,  if  any,  have  the  buglers  with  respect  to  firing?     (272) 

What  restriction  as  to  range  is  there  in  use  of  blank  cartridges?     (273' 

What  is  the  classification  of  ranges  based  on  distance?     (275) 

How  is  the  range  to  an  objective  usually  determined?     (277) 

What  is  said  as  to  use  of  volley  firing  in  action?     (278) 

What  is  said  as  to  fire  at  will  in  action?     (279) 

What  is  said  as  to  clip  fire  in  action?*  (280) 

How  does  a  company  learn  its  objective:    (a)   in  attack  and  (b)  in  de 

fense,  and  when  should  change  of  target  be  made?     (281) 
How  is  fire  on  all  parts  of  objective  secured?     (282) 
How  is  fire  directed  on  an  invisible  portion  of  the  target?     (284) 
Under  fire  direction,  what  is  said  as  to  the  duties  of  a  captain  when 

company  is  large  enough  to  be  divided  into  platoons?     (286  and  287) 
What  is  the  fire  unit  in  combat?     (287) 

Under  fire  control,  what  are  the  duties  of  platoon  leaders?     (288) 
Under  fire  control,  what  are  the  duties  of  platoon  guides  and  squad  leac 

ers?      (289) 

What  does  fire  control  imply?      (290) 

What  does  fire  discipline  imply?     (291) 

What  shots  contribute  to  fire  superiority  in  combat?      (291) 

What  are  men  taught  regarding  the  rate  of  fire?     (292) 

At  what  times  is  heavy  fire  particularly  desirable?     (293) 

In  defense  what   do   platoon  leaders   do    when    the    target    disappears 

behind  cover?     (294) 

School  of  the  Battalion 

In  school  of  the  battalion,  what  are  the  primary  duties  of  a  major 
(295) 

What  determines  the  order  of  companies  in  battalion?     (297) 

Does  the  numerical  designation  of  companies  in  battalion  ever  change  1 
(298) 

What  preparatory  commands  do  eaptains  repeat,  and  what  commands  dd 
they  not  repeat?  (300) 

What  are  the  posts  of  the  major  and  staff,  and  of  the  color  in  the  dif- 
ferent formations  of  the  battalion?  (Plate  III) 

What  do  captains  do  at  the  major's  command  guide  center  (left  or 
right)?  (301) 

What  are  the  rules  governing  captains,  when  dressing  their  companies  in 
battalion?  (302) 

What  changes  in  the  commands  given  in  the  school  of  the  company  are 
prescribed  for  the  execution  of  simultaneous  movements  by  companies  or 
platoons,  and  who  gives  the  command  Halt  or  March,  and  Front,  in  the  comj 
pletion  of  such  movements?  (305) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TEAINING  13 

Describe  the  formation  of  the  battalion  in  line?     (308) 

What  do  captains  do  when  the  major  gives  commands  for  loading? 
(306) 

How  is  the  battalion  formed  for  other  than  ceremonies?  Describe  for- 
mation? (307) 

Describe  the  formation  of  the  battalion  in  line.     (308) 

Describe  how  to  rectify  the  alignment  of  a  battalion'?      (310) 

What  are  the  commands  to  give  battalion  a  new  alignment?  Describe 
the  execution?  (311) 

Describe  how  to  rectify  the  column  in  a  battalion?      (312) 

The  battalion  being  in  column  of  squads  or  companies,  what  are  the 
major's  commands  to  form  on  right  into  line,  and  how  are  they  executed? 
(313) 

The  battalion  being  in  column  of  squads  or  companies,  what  are  the  ma- 
jor's  commands  to  form  front  into  line,  and  how  are  they  executed?  (314) 

Being  in  column  of  squads,  what  are  the  major's  commands  to  form  col- 
umn of  companies  successively  to  the  right  or  left,  and  how  are  they  exe- 
cuted? (315) 

Being  in  column  of  companies,  what  are  the  major's  commands  to  form 
column  of  squads  successively  to  the  right  or  left  and  how  are  they  exe- 
cuted? (316) 

Being  in  column  of  companies  or  close  column,  what  are  the  major's  com- 
mands to  change  direction,  and  how  are  they  executed?  (317) 

Being  in  line  of  companies 'or  close  line,  what  are  the  major's  commands 
to  change  direction,  and  how  are  they  executed?  (318) 

Being  in  line,  line  of  companies,  column  of  companies,  or  column  of 
squads,  what  are  the  major's  commands  for  mass  formations,  how  are  they 
executed  in  each  case,  and  what  are  the  rules  for  guides?  (320) 

Being  in  close  column  or  close  line,  what  are  the  major's  commands  to 
extend  the  mass,  and  how  are  they  executed?  (321) 

By  what  commands  is  column  of  squads  formed:  (a)  from  close  column 
and  (b)  from  close  line?  (323  and  324) 

How  is  the  battalion  assembled  from  whole  or  partial  deployment? 
(326) 

Combat  Principles 

What  term  is  used  for  the  instructions  of  a  major  to  his  captains? 
(328) 

What  points  should  the  tactical  orders  of  a  major  cover?      (329) 

When  does  the  major  provide  for  the  reconnaissance  and  protection  of 
flanks?  (330) 

Prior  to  what  deployments  does  the  major  issue  extra  ammunition? 
(331) 

What  principles  govern  as  to  time  of  deployment  of  the  battalion? 
(333) 

Who  determines  the  depth  of  the  deployment  and  density  of  firing  line 
when  a  battalion  is  deployed?  (334) 

What  is  said  of  the  march  into  place  of  companies  designated  for  the  fir- 
ing line?  (334) 

What  is  said  as  to  a  major  holding  part  of  his  battalion  out  of  the  firing 
line?  (335) 

In  regiment,  who  usually  determines  the  number  of  companies  a  major 
places  in  the  firing  line?  (336) 

What  is  said  of  position  of  support  when  battalion  is  acting  alone? 
(337) 


14  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILTTAEY  TEAINING 

What  is  said  as  to  distance  at  which  battalion  supports  follow  the  firing 
line?     (338)  ^ 

Is  an  entire  battalion  or  an  entire  regiment  ever  placed  in  the  firing 
line?     (339) 

Fire  direction  and  fire  control  are  functions  of  what  commanders  when 
the  battalion  is  in  combat?     (340) 

Who   apportions   the   target   to   the    different   units   on   the  firing  line? 
(340) 

Who  determines  the  point  at  which  companies  in  battalion  open  the  fire 
fight?     (341) 

To  what  extent  should  a  major  push  his  battalion  forward  in  combat? 
(343) 

What  is  said  as_to  time  of  opening  fire  in  combat?     (344) 

What  is  said  as  to  relation  between  loss  by  artillery  fire  and  that  by  in- 
fantry?    (345) 

At  what  distance  from  the  enemy  will  advance  by  rushes  generally  have 
to  be  resorted  to?     (346) 

What  is  the  rule  as  to  size  of  fraction  making  rush,  what  is  advantage 
of  large  fraction,  and  why  are  small  fractions  resorted  to?     (346) 

When  once  the  unit  making  the  rush  has  become  small,  should  it  subse- 
quently ^be  increased?     (347) 

What  company  of  a  battalion  normally  begins  the  rush  and  on  whose  ini- 
tiative is  it  begun?     (348) 

What  is  said  as  to  length  of  rush?     (349) 

When  does  the  major  join  the  firing  line?     (352) 

In  battalion,  what  should  be  the  size  of  fractions  reinforcing  the  firing 
line?     (353) 

Does  the  front  of  a  company  on  the  firing  line  ever  change,  and  if  so, 
what  result  has  such  change  on  arriving  reinforcements?     (354) 

In  battalion,  who  determines  when  bayonets  shall  be  fixed,  and  how  is  it 
done?     (355) 

With  a  battalion  in  the  firing  line,  who  determines  when  the  charge  shall 
begin,  and  what  is  done  when  the  signal  is  given?     (356) 

In  defense,  what  are  the  major's  duties  respecting  intrenching?     (358) 

In  defense,  what  rule  controls  as  to  number  of  rifles  in  the  firing  line? 
(359) 

In  what  way  does  the  defense  differ  from  the  attack  in  time  of  open 
fire?     (360) 

In  defense,  who  causes  bayonets  to  be  fixed?     (361) 

In  defense,  what  is  the  duty  of  the  support  in  case  the  firing  line  with- 
draws?    (362) 

What  is  said  as  to  size  of  support  and  opportunities  for  use  of  same  when 
the  battalion  is  alone  on  the  defensive?     (363) 

Combat 

What  does  modern  combat  demand  of  the  infantry?     (365) 
To  gain  decisive  results,  what  must  the  infantry  do?     (367) 
What  quality  and  abilities  will  win  the  local  combats?     (367) 
What  is  said  of  theoretical  as  compared  to  practical  instruction  in  train- 
ing of  infantry  for  combat?      (369) 

In  what  particular  does  company  extended  order  drill  differ  from  a  com- 
bat exercise?     (370) 

Describe  how,  in  general  terms,  a  combat  exercise  is  carried  out  as  re- 
gards the  duties  of  inspector,  umpire  and  assistant  umpire.     (371) 


ening 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  Jfi 

What  are  the  fundamental  characteristics  of  successful  leadership  ? 
(372) 

What,  on  the  part  of  a  leader,  form  the  soundest  bases  of  successful 
iombat,  and  what  is  said  of  change  of  plan?  (373) 

What  class  of  combats  are  to  be  avoided,  and  why?      (374) 

What  qualities  are  requisite  to  plans  and  methods  for  war?     (375) 

What  is  said  of  officers  as  regards  the  orders  under  which  they  are  act- 
ing and  of  the  requirements  they  place  on  their  troops?  (377) 

What  is  said  of  making  detachments  that  break  up  units,  and  a  deploy- 
ment that  causes  intermingling?  (378) 

What  conclusion  is  drawn  from  the  increased  difficulty  of  controlling 
deployed  troops?  (379) 

What  is  said  of  officers  and  men  belonging  to  fighting  troops  who  leave 
;heir  posts  to  carry  back  wounded?  (381) 

What  is  laid  down  as  to  carrying  the  pack  in  combat?     (382) 

What  is  said  as  to  the  post  of  a  commander:  (a)  before  entering  action; 
(b)  during  the  action,  and  (c)  when  troops  are  victorious?  (383) 

What  is  said  of  division  of  task  between  a  commander  and  his  subor- 
dinates? (384) 

What  is  the  comparison  between  any  consistent  act  and  a  hesitating 
!  search  for  the  best  action?  To  what  must  a  subordinate  conform  in  his 
decision  as  to  act  or  not?  (386) 

In  working  for  the  general  result,  what  should  a  subordinate  commander 
do?  (387) 

When  is  it  allowable  for  an  officer  to  depart  from  an  order?     (388) 

What  duties  are  incumbent  upon  officers  and  men  when  units  intermin- 
gle in  combat?  (389) 

What  is  prescribed  for  an  officer  or  non-commissioned  officer  who  be- 
comes separated  from  his  unit  in  combat?  (390) 

What  should  men  who  become  detached  from  their  own  unit  do  in  com- 
bat? (391) 

Depending  on  size  of  unit,  when  is  initial  order  for  combat  written  and 
when  oral,  and  what  is  said  as  to  subsequent  orders?  (392) 

Is  initial  combat  order  for  regiment  written  or  oral,  and  what  is  ad- 
vised as  to  subsequent  orders  and  messages?  (393) 

On  what  is  based  the  initial  combat  order  of  any  commander  or  subor- 
dinate, and  what,  when  possible,  precedes  the  formation  of  such  basis? 
(394) 

What  subjects  are  included  in  a  combat  order?      (395) 

In  what  manner  should  the  combat  order  avoid  encroaching  upon  func- 
tions of  subordinates?  (396) 

What  is  the  rule  as  to  giving  orders  to  commanders  of  next  lower  units 
and  to  any  subordinates?  (397) 

In  combat,  how  is  communication  maintained?     (398) 

In  a  division,  what  headquarters  are  usually  connected  by  the  division 
signal  corps  troops?  (399) 

By  whom  is  communication  from  brigade  headquarters  down  maintained? 
(400) 

What  means  are  usually  practicable  to  communicate  between  the  firing 
line  and  the  major  or  colonel?  (401) 

Who  attends  to  communication  between  the  artillery  and  the  firing  line? 
(402) 

What  can  be  prevented  by  reconnaissance,  preliminary  to  combat? 
(403) 


16  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

What  is  the  necessity  for  reconnaissance  during  combat?      (404) 
What  determines  the  strength  of  reconnoitering  party?"    (405) 
To  what  extent  do  separate  columns  reconnoiter  in  an  advance  of  several 
columns?     (406) 

What  kind  of  reconnaissance  must  be  made  before  an"  attack,  and  to 
what  method  may  it  be  necessary  to  resort?  (407) 

In  what  kind  of  engagements  may  it  be  necessary  to  be  content  with/ 
hasty  and  imperfect  reconnaissance?  (408) 

Why  must  reconnaissance  be  kept  up  in  defense?      (309) 
What  class  of  reconnaissance  is  important  to  a  firing  line?      (410) 
Does  infantry  covered  by  cavalry  patrols  send  out  reconnoitering  par- 
ties?    (411) 

When  does  the  commander  of  a  flank  battalion  provide  for  reconnais- 
sance? (412) 

What  patrols  are  established  by  battalion  commanders  in  the  first  line? 
(413) 

Fire  Superiority 

What  effect  on  the  course  of  a  battle  has  fire  superiority?     (414) 
To  obtain  fire  superiority,  what  is  necessary?     (415) 
Upon  what  considerations  do  volume  and  accuracy  of  fire  depend,  and 
how?     (415) 

When  is  long-range  fire  permissible?      (416) 

Is  the  tendency  in  the  attack  to  hurry  or  to  delay  opening  fire?     (417) 
How  does  the  defense  differ  from  the  attack  as  to  time  of  opening  fire? 
(418) 

In  what  kind  of  encounters  is  a  hurried  opening  of  accurate  fire  with 
battle  sight  of  great  advantage?  (419) 

What  are  the  two  requisites  of  ground  favorable  for  men  firing,  and 
what  is  done  by  a  portion  of  a  firing  line  when  target  is  for  a  moment  hid- 
den? (420) 

What  kind  of  ground  is  particularly  bad  for  a  firing  line  as  regards  visi- 
bility? (421) 

What  is  the  rule  as  to  choice  of  target  by  men  firing?     (422) 
What  is  said  as  to  frequent  change  of  target?     (423) 
How  does  the  importance  of  correct  sight-setting  vary  with  the  range? 
(425) 

How  will  distance  usually  be  determined:  (a)  in  the  attack  and  (b)  in 
the  defense?  (426) 

What  method  of  assigning  targets  will  keep  the  entire  hostile  line  under 
fire,  even  during  rushes,  and  why  is  this  desirable?  (427) 

How  can  correctness  of  sight-setting  and  distribution  of  fire  be  verified? 
(428) 

How  can  it  be  determined  whether  the  fire  fight  is  being  properly  con- 
ducted? (429) 

What  is  the  distinguishing  mark  of  trained  troops  in  combat?     (430) 
What  is  necessary  to  insure  discipline  in  the  firing. line?     (431) 
Ordinarily,  in  the  attack  what  additions  to  ammunition  carried  into  the 
combat  can  be  expected  by  troops  in  the  firing  line?     (432) 

How  can  true  economy  of  ammunition  be  practiced  by  the  attack?   (433) 
In  what  ways  does  artillery  aid  infantry  to  gain  fire  superiority?     (434) 
How  does  the  supporting  artillery  assist  the  infantry:    (a)   in  the  at- 
tack and  (b)  in  the  defense?     (435) 

What  is  said  of  friendly  artillery  firing  over  the  heads  of  the  infantry 
in  attack?  (436) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  17 

How  is  the  artillery  notified  that  further  firing  over  the  infantry  ad- 
vancing in  attack  is  inadvisable!  (437) 

When  is  infantry  said  to  execute  fire  of  position?     (438) 

Deployment 

In  what  formation  are  troops  ordinarily  placed  prior  to  deployment  for 
combat,  and  why?  (439) 

In  what  manner  is  a  division  deployed  for  action  as  regards  the  orders 
and  actions  of  the  various  commanders?  (440) 

Does  the  commander  of  subordinate  units  precede  or  follow  his  unit  in 
the  deployment  for  combat?  (441) 

In  the  deployment  of  a  large  force  for  combat,  who  is  charged  with  the 
protection  of  the  front  and  flanks?  (442) 

What  results  from  a  premature  deployment  of  the  firing  line?     (443) 

In  the  large  units,  what  is  the  best  course  of  action  in  case  original  de- 
ployment is  found  to  be  in  a  wrong  direction?  (444) 

What  is  said  as  to  the  proportion  of  a  force  that  will  Actually  be  em- 
ployed at  some  stage  of  the  combat?  (445) 

What  are  the  advantages  of  a  dense  firing  line?     (446) 

How  dense  is  the  firing  line  in  attack  or  a  stubborn  defense?      (447) 

In  a  comparatively  thin  firing  line,  which  is  preferable:  to  have  the 
skirmishers  uniformly  distributed  or  to  have  units  in  dense  line  with  gaps 
between  units?  (447) 

When  may  a  relatively  thin  firing  line  be  employed?      (448) 

Upon  what  does  the  length  of  firing  line  of  the  whole  force  depend? 
(449) 

In  a  decisive  attack,  how  strong  should  the  strength  in  rear  (supports 
and  reserves)  of  the  firing  line  be?  (449) 

In  the  original  deployment,  what  proportion  is  held  in  reserve  by  each 
commander,  and  how  does  strength  of  reserve  vary  with  size  of  force? 
(450) 

When  a  large  front  is  divided  up  into  series  of  battle  districts,  what  is 
said  as  to  density  of  line  in  different  districts?  (452) 

In  the  firing  line,  where  can  a  unit  occupy  the  larger  front,  as  an  interior 
or  as  a  flank  unit?  (453) 

What  units  deploy  on  the  firing  line  and  furnish  their  own  support? 
(455) 

What  ordinarily  is  the  smallest  unit  that  holds  out  a  reserve?     (455) 

Attack 

When  is  an  attack  bound  to  succeed,  and  how  are  such  conditions  gained? 
(456) 

What  is  said  of  direct  frontal  attack  with  large  forces?     (457) 
Why  are  wide  turning  movements  generally  inadvisable  in  small  forces? 
(458) 

What  is  regarded  as  the  best  method  of  attack?     (459) 
When,  if  ever,  should  both  flanks  of  an  enemy  be  enveloped?     (560) 
In  what  lies  the  advantage  of  an  enveloping  attack?     (461) 
What  is  essential  in  carrying  out  an  enveloping  attack?     (462) 
At  what  distance  may  it  be  necessary  to  deploy  when  exposed  to  artil- 
lery fire?     (463) 

In  case  it  is  deemed  necessary  to  move  forward  and  deploy  at  night, 
what  advance  preparation  is  advisable?  (464) 


18  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

(a)  When  does  each  unit  assigned  a  task  in  the  firing  line  deploy? 
(b)  What  is  the  interval  between  battalions  on  the  firing  line?  (c) 
What  units  have  their  objective  pointed  out  on  a  map  and  what  on  the 
ground?  (465) 

Where  with  respect  to  the  firing  line  is  the  reserve  held?     (466) 

To  what  range  should  a  firing  line  advance  before  opening  fire?     (467) 

What  is  the  best  way  to  escape  loss  in  the  firing  line  while  advancing? 
(468) 

What  is  prescribed  for  deployed  infantry  that  finds  it  necessary  to  ad- 
vance through  deployed  artillery?  (470) 

What  is  prescribed  as  to  advance  elements  of  the  firing  line  firing,  and 
when  should  fire  be  opened  on  the  main  position  of  the  enemy?  (471) 

In  the  attack,  at  what  firing  position  is  the  attempt  to  gain  fire  superior- 
ity first  made?  (472) 

What  results  from  an  attempt  to  advance  without  fire  superiority?   (473) 

What  are  the  surest  signs  that  fire  superiority  has  been  secured?     (474) 

What  results  if  troops  that  have  been  checked  attempt  to  turn  back,  and 
what-is  their  best  course  of  procedure?  (475') 

What  is  prescribed  for  supports  and  reserves  that  occupy  intrenchments 
constructed  by  the  firing  line?  (476) 

What  is  usually  necessary  to  drive  an  enemy  out  of  his  position?     (478) 

Between  what  limits  will  the  distance  over  which  a  charge  is  made  vary? 
(479) 

To  what  extent  does  the  charge  depend  upon  the  action  of  the  comman- 
der of  the  attacking  line,  and  what  is  prescribed  for  battalions  when  the 
signal  to  charge  is  given?  (480) 

What  precaution  should  the  commander  take  before  ordering  a  charge? 
(481) 

How  should  an  already  dense  firing  line  be  strengthened,  and  is  it  ever 
allowable  to  send  in  the  last  reserve  for  such  purpose?  (482) 

What  is  said  of  arriving  on  a  captured  position  with  very  compact  firing 
line,  and  of  an  additional  force  kept  well  in  hand?  (483) 

What  should  a  battalion  do  in  case  a  neighboring  battalion  begins  a  pre- 
mature charge?  (484) 

What  results  from  a  confidence  in  their  ability  to  use  their  bayonet  f 
(485) 

In  case  the  enemy  leaves  before  the  attack  reaches  his  position,  what  is 
the  best  course  of  procedure?  (486) 

What  troops  take  up  the  pursuit  of  an  enemy  forced  out  of  his  position? 
(487) 

What  is  required  of  officers  when  an  attack  receives  a  temporary  set- 
back? (488) 

What  is  prescribed  when  attack  must  be  abandoned?     (489) 

What  is  necessary  to  reap  full  fruits  of  a  successful  attack?     (490) 

What  are  the  functions  of  the  various  parts  of  an  attacking  force  after 
a  successful  attack?  (491) 

What  is  done  when  a  captured  position  is  a  section  of  a  general  line? 
(492) 

Following  the  immediate  pursuit  from  the  assault,  what  kind  of  pursuit 
is  most  effective?  (493) 

In  what  principal  particulars  does  attack  on  fortifications  differ  from 
others?  (495) 

When  the  fortification  is  strong,  what  method  of  attack  may  be  found 
advisable?  (496) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  19 

When  may  charge  on  fortifications  be  made  without  fire  preparation? 
(497) 

In  siege  operations,  how  are  troops  usually  advanced  to  the  charging 
point?  (498) 

How  vigorous  should  a  holding  attack  be,  and  how  does  formation  of 
troops  for  same  differ  from  normal?  (499) 

How  does  strength  of  supports  and  reserves  in  holding  attack  differ  from 
normal?  (500) 

In  case  holding  attack  may  develop  into  real  one,  what  change  in  dis- 
tribution of  troops  is  made?  (501) 

Do  feints  employ  dense  or  thin  firing  lines?      (502) 

Defense 

What  are  the  first,  and  other  requirements  of  a  good  defensive  position? 
(503) 

How  are  natural  advantages  of  a  defensive  position  enhanced?     (504) 

To  what  extent  should  the  artificial  strengthening  of  a  defensive  position 
be  carried  when  time  and  troops  are  available?  (505) 

Is  it  ever  advisable  to  construct  trenches  that  will  not  be  occupied? 
(506) 

By  whom  are  the  location,  extent,  profile  garrison,  etc.,  of  field  works 
determined?  (507) 

How  may  trenches  be  simulated  in  combat  exercises?     (508) 

Upon  what  does  the  density  of  deployment  in  defense  depend?     (509) 

How  does  density  of  firing  line  and  supports  vary  in  defense,  and  what 
results  as  to  length  of  line  as  compared  to  same  in  attack?  (510) 

How  does  the  size  of  reserve  in  defense  compare  with  same  in  attack? 
(511) 

In  what  way  does  post  of  supports  in  defense  differ  from  same  in  at- 
tack? (512) 

How  does  post  of  reserve  in  defense  differ  from  same  in  attack?  (513) 

When  situation  is  no  longer  in  doubt,  where  should  reserve  be  held  in 
defense?  (514) 

In  case  reserve  in  defense  has  been  placed  in  rear  of  flank  from  which 
counter  attack  is  to  be  made,  and  call  for  help  conies  from  opposite  flank, 
what  rule  governs  as  to  size  of  detachment  sent?  (515) 

Who  assigns  and  subdivides  the  front  in  defense?     (516) 

How  is  an  extended  position  in  defense  divided?     (517) 

Upon  what  depends  the  size  of  the  unit  occupying  each  section  into  Trhich 
a  defensive  position  has  been  divided?  (518) 

How  is  dead  ground  in  front  of  one  section  of  a  defensive  position 
treated?  (519) 

How  are  advanced  posts  regarded?     (520) 

When  do  troops  occupy  the  firing  line  of  a  defensive  position  in  advance 
of  the  combat,  and  when  is  such  occupation  delayed?  (521) 

What,  in  addition  to  fire,  must  be  depended  upon  to  stop  the  attack? 
(522) 

What  should  be  done  by  the  defense  in  anticipation  of  a  night  attack? 
(523) 

What  kind  of  fire  is  of  value  in  a  night  attack?     (524) 

When  should  a  passive  defense  be  assumed?     (525) 

How  can  a  favorable  decision  be  expected  by  the  defense?     (526) 

In  what  way  does  the  condition  of  the  flanks  influence  the  character  of 
the  defense?  (527) 


20-          QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

Where  should  troops  intended  for  a  counter  attack  by  the  defense  be 
held,  and  how  does  strength  of  such  force  and  the  firing  line  vary  with  the 
decision  to  assume  an  active  defense?  (528) 

How  should  the  counter  attack  by  the  defense  be  made?     (529) 

When  are  minor  counter  attacks  necessary?     (530) 

What  are  the  important  considerations  when  a  position  is  taken  merely 
to  delay  the  enemy?  (531) 

What  is  said  of  density  of  firing  line  in  a  delaying  action,  and  of  the 
position  of  supports  and  reserve?  (532) 

What  arms  are  of  special  value  in  a  delaying  action?     (533) 
..How  are  meeting  engagements  characterized?     (534) 

What  indicates  in  a  meeting  engagement  the  proper  general  action? 
(535) 

What  qualities  are  of  especial  value  to  a  commander  in  a  meeting  en- 
gagement? (537) 

Upon  what  depends  the  amount  of  information  a  commander  is  war- 
ranted in  awaiting  in  a  meeting  engagement?  (538) 

What  is  said  of  the  value  of  rapid  deployment  in  a  meeting  engagement, 
and  what  conduces  to  same?  (539) 

How  does  formation  and  distribution  of  the  first  troops  to  deploy  in  a 
meeting  engagement  differ  from  the  ordinary?  (540) 

What  is  laid  down  as  the  action  for  the  leading  troops  in  a  meeting  en- 
gagement when  the  situation  warrants  the  advance?  (541) 

Where  should  the  commander  of  a  long  column  be,  and  what  is  action  of 
advance  guard  and  of  the  column  in  case  a  meeting  engagement  develops? 
(542) 

Prior  to  the  receipt  of  orders,  upon  what  does  the  action  of  the  advance 
guard  depend  in  a  meeting  engagement?  (543) 

What  course  of  action  in  a  meeting  engagement  may  be  forced  upon  a 
commander  by  the  haste  or  aggressiveness  of  the  enemy?  (544) 

Withdrawal  from  Action 

What  must  be  done  when  it  is  no  longer  possible  to  give  the  action  a 
favorable  turn?  (545) 

How  do  the  auxiliary  arms  assist  in  a  withdrawal  after  defeat?     (546) 

What  is  done  with  an  intact  reserve,  if  one  exists,  when  withdrawal  after 
defeat  becomes  necessary?  (547) 

What  is  said  of  the  withdrawal  of  a  general  line  divided  by  terrain  or  by 
organization  into  two  or  more  parts,  and  as  to  that  of  a  continuous  line? 
(548) 

Having  given  orders  for  a  withdrawal  from  action,  what  does  a  com- 
mander next  do?  (549) 

What  is  the  summary  of  things  that  should  be  done  or  left  undone  by  a 
commander  in  or  preparing  for  combat?  (550) 

Machine  guns 

Are  machine  guns  of  constant  or  of  infrequently  periodic  use?     (551) 
Why  is  the  use  of  machine  guns  in  a  large  engagement  considered  to  be 

limited  to  short  and  critical  periods?     (552) 

Are  machine  guns  of  value  with  an  advance  guard?    If  so,  in  what  way? 

(553) 

To  what  kind  of  rear  guards  are  machine  guns  valuable?     (554) 

How  in  the  attack  can  machine  guns  be  used  to  the  greatest  advantage  ? 

(555) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TRAINING  21 

What  is  said  as  to  the  use  of  machine  guns  in  the  defense?     (556) 
What  is  said  as  to  the  use  of  machine  guns  in  the  reserved     (557) 
What  is  said  of  machine  guns  with  the  firing  line  of  an  attack?     (558) 
What  is  the  effect  of  machine  gun  fire:    (a)  against  a  firing  line  that  is 

walking  or  running  and   (b)   against  one  that  is  crawling  or  lying  down? 

(559) 

What  is  the  method  of  procedure  against  machine  guns  by  infantry  act- 
ing alone?     (560) 

What  is  the  desirable  maximum  rate  of  fire  of  Machine  Guns?     (561) 
The  fire  of  a  machine  gun  is  equal  to  that  of  about  how  many  men? 

(561) 

How  are  machine  guns  usually  mounted?     (562) 

Give  some  of  the  various  methods  of  transporting  machine  g-uns.   (563) 

What  means  are  taken  to  conceal  the  machine  guns?     (564) 

In  night  firing,  how  is  the  flame  of  the  discharge  concealed?     (564) 

Give   one   of  the   German   methods   of   concealing  their   machine   guns? 

(564) 

In  villages  where  are  machine  guns  usually  located?     (565) 

On  the  defense,  where  are  machine  guns  mounted?     (566) 

In  the  attack,  what  is  the  duty  of  machine  guns?     (566) 

Why  must  some  machine  guns  accompany  the  attack?      (566) 

How  do  machine  guns  permit  of  a  great  economy  of  men  on  a  front? 

(566) 

What  advantage  has  this  to  any  force?     (566) 

Draw  a  diagram  showing  a  machine  gun  emplacement?      (566) 

What  is  the  accepted  role  of  machine  guns  in  the  attack?     (567) 

What  is  the  best  position  for  machine  guns  when  accompanying  troops? 

(567) 

In  what  way  do  machine  guns  economize  in  men?     (568) 

Explain  how  this  was  done  by  the  Germans  on  the  Eussian  front  in  1915. 

(568) 

Ammunition  Supply 

In  the  absence  of  instructions,  what  does  the  major  do  with  his  combat 
train  when  separating  from  it  for  an  engagement?     (570) 

After  refilling,  what  does  the  combat  train  of  a  battalion  do  in  an  en- 
gagement?    (571) 

Who  is  responsible  that  the  belts  of  the  men  are  kept  filled  with  car- 
tridges under  ordinary  conditions?     (572) 

On  the  firing  line,  what  ammunition  does  the  soldier  first  expend?   (573) 
What  men  carry  ammunition  to  the  firing  line?     (574) 
Immediately  following  an  engagement,  what  steps  are  taken  regarding 
the  ammunition?     (575) 

Mounted  Scouts 

For  what,  in  general  terms,  are  mounted  scouts  used?     (576) 
When  are  mounted  scouts  of  special  importance?     (577) 
For  what  kind  of  duty  should  the  mounted  scouts  be  used  in  preference 
to  others?     (578) 

What  class  of  officers  should  be  specially  trained  in  patrolling?     (579) 

Night  Operations 

Why  are  night  operations  resorted  to,  and  what  is  the  greatest  difficulty 
in  samef     (580) 

What  prior  preparations  fit  troops  for  night  operations?     (581) 


22  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

What  arrangements  must  be  made  in  preparation  for  night  operations? 
(582) 

How  does  the  need  for  secrecy  in  night  operations  show  itself?     (583) 
What  is  said  of  long  inarches  as  night  operations?     (584) 
What  usually  terminates  a  night  advance  made  with  a  view:   (a)  to  at- 
tacking by  day  and   (b)   the  assault  at  daybreak?     (585) 

To  what  are  night  attacks  ordinarily  confined,  what  kind  of  troops  are 
necessary,  and  what  course  of  action  is  advisable?  (586) 

What  is  said  regarding  reconnaissance  in  preparation  for  a  night  attack? 
(587) 

How  does  the  time  of  night  selected  for  the  attack  vary?     (588) 
In  a  night  attack,  what  is  said:    (a)   regarding  formations  employed; 
(b)  the  kind  of  action  to  be  relied  upon;  and  (c)  what  is  done  in  case  of  a 
successful  assault?     (589) 

In  night  operations,  what  is  prescribed  for  the  defense:  (a)  in  anticipa- 
tion of  attack;  (b)  when  it  is  learned  the  enemy  is  approaching;  (c)  when 
bayonets  are  fixed  by  different  fractions;  (d)  when  to  open  fire;  (e)  at 
what  range  fire  may  be  expected  to  be  effective  and  (f )  how  to  arrange  an 
aid  for  sighting?  (590) 

Infantry  against  Cavalry 

What  is  necessary  for  a  cavalry  charge  to  be  successful  against  infan- 
try? (591) 

How  are  the  different  types  of  cavalry  charges  met  by  infantry?   (59-2) 
What  is  the  best  individual  position  to  meet  a  charge?     (593) 
In  the  melee,  what  is  said  as  to:    (a)  bayonet  against  saber;    (b)  set- 
ting sights,  and  (c)  long  range  fire?     (594) 

What  should  an  infantry  column  do  if  it  encounters  cavalry?     (595) 
What  course  is  best  for  infantry  that  attacks  dismounted  cavalry?   (596) 

Infantry  against  Artillery 

What  is  said:  (a)  of  frontal  attack  by  infantry  against  artillery;  (b) 
of  same  by  machine  gun  fire,  and  (c)  the  best  way  of  attacking  same? 
(597) 

By  what  method  can  infantry  attack  artillery  to  advantage?     (598) 
What  power  has  infantry  against  guns  out  of  ammunition?     (599) 
When  may  artillery  be  attacked  by  infantry  with  impunity?     (600) 

Artillery  Supports 

What  is  the  purpose  of  the  artillery  support,  and  how  is  it  ordinarily 
provided  for?  (601)  . 

When  is  the  detail  of  an  artillery  support  necessary?     (602) 

What  is  said  concerning  the  formation  of  an  artillery  support  on  a 
march?  (603) 

What  is  said  of  the  formation  and  location  of  an  artillery  support  in 
action?  (604) 

What  is  prescribed  regarding  the  duties  of  artillery  support?     (605) 

Minor  Warfare 

What  kinds  of  operations  are  embraced  in  minor  warfare,  and  what  tac- 
tics are  applicable  to  regular  operations?  (606) 

Describe  irregular  operations  in  minor  warfare,  the  bodies  against  which 
they  are  directed,  the  tactics  employed  against  such  bodies,  and  the  princi- 
pal characteristic  of  methods  of  operations  employed?  (607) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  23 

In  irregular  operations,  what  is  said  as  to  information,  reconnaissance 
and  march  and  bivouac  formations?  (608) 

In  irregular  warfare  in  open  country  where  surprise  is  not  probable, 
how  may  troops  march?  (609) 

In  irregular  warfare,  in  close  country  where  surprise  is  possible,  what 
kind  of  formation  of  troops  is  advisable  as  regards  main  body,  advance 
party,  patrols  and  formation  good  for  narrow  road  or  trail  where  a  rush  is 
to  be  expected?  (610) 

What  is  regarded  as  a  minimum  size  for  the  detachments  into  which  a 
command  may  be  split  in  irregular  warfare?  (611) 

In  irregular  warfare,  what  is  said  of  selection  of  site  of  bivouac  or 
camp,  and  of  occupation  of  same?  (612) 

What  is  said  of  night  operations  in  irregular  warfare?      (613) 

Ceremonies 

What  determines  the  post  of  an  organization  at  formation  for  cere- 
monies? (614) 

At  whose  command  do  the  various  staffs  execute  present  arms  and  order 
arms,  and  at  whose  does  the  lieutenant  colonel?  (615) 

In  assembly  of  regiment  for  ceremonies,  how  many  times  is  adjutant's 
call  sounded  and  what  is  done  at  each  call?  (616) 

What  markers  are  posted,  and  by  whom,  for  reviews?     (617) 

What  is  said  of  officers  of  the  same  or  higher  grade  and  of  distinguished 
personages  accompanying  a  reviewing  officer?  .(^17) 

In  case  the  reviewing  officer  alone,  or  accompanied  by  his  personal  staff 
uiily,  rides  around  the  troops,  what  results?  (618) 

What  salutes  to  the  color  are  rendered  and  by  whom,  during  the  ride 
around  troops  at  review?  (618) 

What  salutes  are  returned  from  the  reviewing  stand,  and  who  returns 
them?  (618) 

In  passing  in  review,  when  does  each  staff  salute,  and  how  do  officers 
and  enlisted  men  without  arms  salute?  (619) 

What  does  the  commander  of  the  troops  do  after  passing  the  reviewing 
officer?  (620) 

In  case  the  reviewing  officer  is  dismounted,  what  results  for  the  com- 
mander of  troops  and  his  staff  after  turning  out  of  column?  (621) 

What  is  said  as  to  salute  by  colors  to  the  reviewing  officer?     (622). 

What  rules  govern  the  playing  by  bands"  at  reviews?     (623) 

In  line,  what  accompanies  a  salute  by  the  colors?     (624) 

How  may  formation  for  review  be  modified,  and  what  portion  may  be 
dispensed  with?  (625) 

What  changes  result  from  the  post  of  the  reviewing  officer  being  on 
the  left  of  the  column?  (626) 

What  gaits  are  used  by  foot  troops  at  review?      (627) 

What  is  prescribed  for  battalions  in,  reviews  of  brigades  or  larger  com- 
mands after  passing  the  reviewing  stand?  (628) 

What  may  a  colonel  do  with  his  regiment  in  a  brigade  or  larger  review? 
(629) 

What  is  prescribed  where  a  review  is  before  an  inspector  junior  to  the 
commander?  (630) 

In  battalion  review:  (a)  when  does  the  major  face  to  the  front;  (b) 
when  does  he  command  present  arms;  (c)  what  does  he  do  after  saluting, 
following  his  command  of  present  arms;  (d)  when  does  he  join  the  review- 
ing officer  and  on  what  side;  (e)  when  and  how  does  he  leave  the  review- 


24  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

ing  officer;  (f)  what  does  he  next  command;  (g)  how  does  the  column  pro- 
ceed with  the  execution  of  his  command;  (hj  what  does  the  major  do  after 
the  column  is  under  way;  (i)  how  and  when  do  the  major  and  his  staff  sa- 
lute; (k)  how  does  each  captain  or  special  unit  commander  salute;  (1)  how 
do  dismounted  noncommissioned  officers  in  command  of  subdivisions  and 
the  drum-major  salute;  (m)  what  color  salutes,  and  when;  (n)  what  does 
the  major  do  after  saluting  the  reviewing  officer  in  marching  past?  (631) 

When  the  battalion  arrives  at  its  former  position  in  review,  what  com- 
mand does  the  major  give,  and  how  is  it  executed?  (632) 

Who  may  permit  the  major  and  his  staff  to  be  dismounted  at  battalion 
review?  (633) 

What  is  prescribed  for  an  officer  receiving  a  parade  while  the  band  is 
sounding  off?  (634) 

How  are  reports  from  companies  rendered  at  command  report  given  by  a 
battalion  adjutant,  and  how  is  same  done  in  regiment?  (635) 

Describe  a  battalion  parade.     (636) 

Describe  escort  of  the  color.     (637) 

Why  are  escorts  of  honor  detailed,  and  how  do  they  proceed?     (639) 

Where  is  a  funeral  escort  formed  and  what  command  is  given  upon  the 
appearance  of  the  coffin?  (640) 

What  is  said  of  the  gait  of  a  funeral  escort  going  to  and  returning  from 
the  place  of  interment?  (640) 

What  is  the  order  of  procedure  of  a  funeral  escort  from  the  time  it  forms 
line  opposite  the  grave  until  taps  are  sounded?  (640) 

When  does  the  field  music  sound  the  march,  flourishes  or  ruffles  at  the 
funeral  of  a  general  officer?  (641) 

When  are  arms  presented  by  a  funeral  escort  in  the  case  of  escorting  the 
remains  from  the  quarters  to  the  church?  (644) 

How  is  company  inspection  carried  out  by  the  company  commander? 
(646) 

How  is  inspection  of  camp  or  quarters  carried  out  by  a  company  com- 
mander? (647) 

How  is  that  part  of  company  inspection  relating  to  equipment  carried 
out  by  the  company  commander?  (648) 

What  changes  result  in  company  inspection  when  the  inspector  is  other 
than  the  company  commander?  (649) 

What  is  the  formation  of  battalion  for  inspection?     (650) 

At  battalion  inspection,  what  does  the  major  first  command,  and  what  is 
done  at  such  command?  (650)' 

Describe  the  course  of  a  battalion  inspection  from  the  time  the  inspector 
approaches  the  major  until  completion  of  inspection  of  color  guard  and 
noncommissioned  staff?  (650) 

What  is  the  course  of  procedure  at  each  company  in  battalion  inspection  ? 
(651) 

What  course  of  action  is  allowable  in  battalion  inspection  that  lasts  a 
longtime?  (652) 

During  what  part  of  battalion  inspection  does  the  band  play,  who  gives 
the  command  for  its  inspection  and  how  does  each  man  carry  out  this  com- 
mand? (653) 

In  battalion  inspection,  who  accompanies  the  inspector  through  camp  or 
quarters  of  each  company?  (654) 

Who  is  provided  with  muster  rolls  at  a  muster,  and  what  accompanies 
each  roll?  (655) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  25 

What  is  formation  of  troops  for  muster,  and  what  occurs  in  each  com- 
pany at  approach  and  during  presence  of  mustering  officer?  (656) 

How  are  men  reported  in  hospital,  on  guard,  etc.,  at  muster,  verified? 
(656) 

What  does  the  word  " color"  imply  and  include?     (658) 

Where  are  the  colors  kept  in  quarters  and  in  camp?     (659) 

When  are  colors  "cased"?     (659) 

What  salutes  are  rendered  by  (a)  the  regimental  color  and  (b)  by  the 
national  color?  (660) 

Of  what  do&s  the  color  guard  consist?     (661) 

When  carried,  where  is  the  regimental  color  with  respect  to  the  national 
color?  (661) 

What  are  the  various  posts  of  the  colors  in  the  different  formations? 
(664) 

What  do  the  colors  do  when  with,  a  battalion  that  takes  the  battle  for- 
mation? (665) 

What  movements  of  the  manual  and  in  the  loadings  and  firings  are  exe- 
cuted by  the  color  guard?  (666) 

What  is  done  by  the  color  guard  on  receiving  and  parting  from  the  col- 
ors? (667) 

How  are  the  colors  received  by  the  color  company?     (668) 

What  is  done  with  the  colors  when  the  battalion  is  dismissed?     (669) 

With  the  color:  (a)  what  is  the  carry;  (b)  what  is  the  order;  (c)  what 
is  parade  rest;  (d)  when  is  order  resumed  from  parade  rest;  (e)  and  how 
does  the  color  salute?  (670) 

Manual  of  the  Saber 

Describe:  1.  Draw;  2.  Saber.     (671) 

What  use  is  made  of  the  saber  now?     (672) 

Describe:  1.  Present;  2.  SABER.      (673) 

Describe:  1.  Order;  2.  SABER.     (674) 

In  the  manual,  when  should  the  saber  be  brought  to  the  carry?     (675) 

Describe:  1.  Parade;  2.  REST,  when  armed  with  the  saber.      (676) 

How  is  the  saber  carried  when  marching  in  double  time?     (677) 

Describe:  1.  Return;  2.  SABER.     (679) 

How  do  enlisted  men  armed  with  a  saber  execute  inspection  arms?   (680) 

Describe  how  a  company  forms  for  shelter  tents.     (681) 

The  company  having  formed  for  shelter  tents,  describe  the  further  pro- 
cedure of  pitching  tents.  (682) 

How  is  pitching  shelter  tents  varied  from  the  normal  when  the  pack  is 
not  carried?  (683) 

How  may  double  shelter  tents  be  pitched?     (684) 

How  is  the  single  sleeping  bag  arranged?      (685) 

How  is  the  double  sleeping  bag  arranged?     (686) 

Describe  how  to  strike  shelter  tents.     (687) 

Describe  how  to  pitch  common  and  wall  tents.     (688) 

Describe  how  to  pitch  the  pyramidal  tent.      (688) 

Describe  how  to  pitch  the  conical  wall  tent.      (689) 

Describe  how  to  strike  common  wall,  pyramidal  and  conical  wall  tents. 
(690) 

Describe  how  to  fold  common  wall,  hospital  and  storage  tents.     (691) 

Describe  how  to  fold  the  pyramidal  tents.     (691) 


26  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

Calls 

Name  the  "warning  calls. "      (692) 

Which  warning  calls  may  be  classed  as  service  calls  also?      (692) 

Name  the  "formation  calls."      (693) 

Name  the  alarm  calls.      (694) 

Name  the  "service  calls."      (695) 

Appendix  A 

What  is  the  usual  position  of  the  cut  off?      (696) 

Describe  unfix  bayonets  for  the  Krag  rifle.      (697) 

How  is  inspection  arms  executed  with  the  Krag  rifle?      (698) 

What  is  done  when  Order  (right  shoulder,  port)  arms  is  given  from  in- 
spection with  the  Krag  rifle?  (699) 

What  is  the  position  of  the  safety  lock  with  pieces  (a)  locked;  (b) 
at  the  ready?  (700) 

•How  is  the  command  with  blank  cartridges,  Load,  executed  with  the 
Krag  rifle  (a)  when  standing;  (b)  when  kneeling  or  sitting;  (c)  when  lying 
down?  (701) 

What  is  done  at  the  command  Fill  Magazine?     (702) 

How  is  the  Krag  rifle  unlocked?     (703) 

Explain  Clip  Fire  with  the  Krag  rifle.      (70-4) 

What  is  done  at  Cease  Firing  with  the  Krag  rifle?     (705) 

Appendix  B 

For  troops  equipped  with  General  Orders  23,  War  Department,   1906. 

Having  closed  ranks  and  stacked -arms  what  is  done  at  the  command:  1. 
Unsling;  2.  Packs.  3.  Open;  4.  Packs.  (706) 

How  are  troops  formed  for  shelter  tents?     (707) 

Describe  how  to  pitch  the  shelter  tent.     (708) 

How  are  the  places  of  the  frontpoles  marked  when  the  packs  are  carried 
in  the  wagons?  (709) 

How  are  intervals  taken  for  pitching  double  tents?     (710) 

Describe  pitching  double  shelter  tents.      (710) 

CHAPTER  II 
MANUAL  OF  THE  BAYONET 

In  addition  to  fire  action  what  is  often  necessary  to  success?     (711) 
What  is  the  object  of  instruction  in  the  Manual  of  the  Bayonet?   (712) 
How  soon  should  instruction  in  bayonet  combat  begin?     (715) 
What  is  the  distance  between  men  in  all  directions  for  bayonet  exercises? 
(718) 

How  should  the  instructor  illustrate  all  movements  especially  for  a  sol- 
dier just  learning  the  exercises?  (719) 

Are  these  exercises  executed  in  cadence?     (719) 
How  often  should  rests  be  given  and  why?      (720) 
What  kind  of  a  weapon  is  the  bayonet?     (721) 
Name  the  principal  parts  of  the  bayonet.     (721) 
Name  the  parts  of  the  blade.     (722) 

Give  the  total  length  of  the  blade;  of  the  rifle  with  bayonet  fixed.   (722) 
What  is  the  weight  of  the  bayonet ;  of  the  rifle  with  the  bayonet  fixed  ? 
(722) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  27 

Instruction   without  the   Rifle 

What  is  as  important  in  bayonet  exercise  as  the  ability  to  parry,  cut,  or 
thrust?  (723) 

Foot  movements  are  made  from  what  position  and  on  what  part  of  the 
foot?  (724) 

What  is  the  command  for  coming  to  the  position  of  guard  (without  the 
rifle)?  (725) 

How  is  it  executed?     (725) 

To  resume  the  attention  what  command  is  given?     (726) 

Give  the  command  and  explain,  "advance."      (727) 

Give  the  command  and  explain,  "retire."     (728) 

Give  the  command  and  explain,  "front  pass."      (729) 

Give  the  command  and  explain,  "rear  pass."      (730) 

What  are  the  passes  used  for?     (730) 

Give  the  command  and  explain,  "right  step."     (731) 

Give  the  command  and  explain  "left  step."-    (732) 

What  are  the  steps  used  for?     (730) 

Instruction  with  the  Rifle 

Explain  "bayonet  exercise,  guard,"  with  the  rifle.     (734) 

By  what  command  and  how  does  the  soldier  come  to  the  order  from  the 
position  of  guard?  (735) 

Describe  "thrust."     (736) 

How  is  "lunge"  executed?     (738) 

Explain  <  <  butt  strike. "     ( 739 ) 

What  are  the  points  of  attack  nr order  of  their  importance?     (739) 

Describe  "cut  down."     (740) 

Describe  "cut  right"   ("left").     (741) 

Against  what  part  of  your  enemy  are  the  cuts  especially  useful?     (741) 

Give  a  command  that  will  cause  an  attack  to  be  executed  to  the  right, 
rear,  etc.  (742) 

How  are  the  turning  movements  best  accomplished?     (742) 

How  is  accuracy  in  thrusting  or  lunging  attained?     (743) 

What  purpose  do  dummies  serve?      (745) 

Describe  a  suitable  dummy.     (746) 

Explain  < '  parry  right, "   ( "  left " ) .      ( 748-9 ) 

Describe  "parry  high."      (750) 

How  may  the  left  hand  support  the  rifle  in  parry  high?     (750) 

Describe  "low  parry  right"    ("left").     (751) 

Why  are  these  parries  rarely  used?     (752) 

How  should  all  parries  be  made  and  what  should  be  avoided?     (753) 

How  are  attacks  from  the  right,  left  or  rear  provided  against?     (754) 

Instruction  without  the  Bayonet 
Describe  "club  rifle,  swing."     (755) 

Is  this  attack  permitted  in  fencing  or  against  dummies?     (755) 
From  what  positions  in  the  Manual  of  Arms  may  club  rifle  be  taken? 
(756) 

When  only  will  it  be  used?     (756) 

Combined  Movements 

What  is  the  purpose  of  combined  movements?     (757) 
How  many  movements  may  be  used  in  combination?     (758) 
Give  a  command  that  will  include  three  movements.     (758) 


28  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING , 

Practical  Bayonet  Combat 

Why  should  the  soldier  be  taught  to  take  the  offensive  and  always  main- 
tain it?  (761) 

In  personal  combat  what  should  you  watch?     (763) 

What  part  of  the  opponent's  body  must  you  always  be  watching  for  a 
chance  to  attack?  (765) 

On  what  duty  is  the  butt  useful?     (766) 

Fighting  a  man  armed  with  a  sword  what  must  be  guarded  against. 
(767)  ( 

Which  side  of  a  mounted  man  do  you  attempt  to  gain?     (770) 

Fencing  Exercises 

Of  what  do  fencing  exercises  in  two  lines  consist?     (772) 

How  are  the  men  formed  for  fencing  exercise  and  how  are  they  num- 
bered? (774) 

What  are  the  intervals*  and  distances  used?     (774) 

Describe  " salute7'  in  fencing.     (775) 

Give  the  command  for  coming  to  the  position  of  guard  in  fencing  exer- 
cises and  explain  the  movement.  (766) 

Explain  " engage  left,"   ("right")*   ("left  and  right").      (777-9) 

What  is  the  command  of  execution  for  an  attack?     (784) 

How  are  assaults  divided?     (785) 

What  are  the  three  simple  attacks?     (786) 

Give  a  command  for  a  simple  assault.     (787) 

Explain  the  disengagement;  counter  disengagement.     (788-9) 

What  is  a  counter  attack  or  return?     (790) 

What  is  the  purpose  of  attacks  made  on  the  rifle?     (791) 

Explain  the  "press";  the  "beat";  the  "twist."     (792-5) 

Give  a  command  for  an  attack  which  will  include  the  "'beat. "     (794) 

What  is  a  feint?     (796) 

Give  a  command  for  an  assault  in  which  a  feint  occurs.     (797) 

What  is  a  •counter  feint?     (801) 

Give  a  command  that  will  combine  several  of  the  various  movements  and 
will  require  an  attack  by  one,  and  a  parry  and  return  by  the  other  oppo- 
nent. (802) 

Fencing  at  Will 

In  fencing  at  will  what  should  be  continually  encouraged?     (810) 

What  is  the  command  for  fencing  at  will?      (812) 

By  what  command  is  fencing  at  will  terminated?     (812) 

Give  some  of  the  rules  for  fencing  at  will.      (817) 

Lessons  of  the  European  War 

Against  what  part  of  an  adversary 's  body  should  an  attack  be  made  and 

why?     (824  a) 

In  the  melee  on  the  parapet  who  has  the  best  chance?     (824  b) 

In  the  excitement  of  a  melee  what  must  a  soldier  be  careful  not  to  do? 

(824  b) 

What  is  the  position  of  the  feet  as  taught  by  the  British?      (824  c) 

What  two  attacks  have  been  found  especially  useful?     (824  d) 

Describe  the  position  of  the  guard  at  "short  point."     (824  e) 

Exlain  how  the  "short  point"  is  executed.     (824  e) 

Describe  the  "jab."      (824  f) 

How  may  these  attacks  be  practiced  and  when  are  they  useful?  (824  e-f) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  29 

When  is  the  rifle  butt  useful  and  at  what  points  is  it  usually  directed? 
(824  g) 

How  is  the  bayonet  withdrawn  from  an  opponent's  body?      (824  i) 

In  the  first  stages  of  training  what  is  special  attention  paid  to?   (824  j) 

Following  this  what  is  taught?      (824  j) 

What  training  should  follow  individual  instruction?     (824  j) 

Describe  the  British  targets  for  bayonet  instruction?     (824  j) 

How  are  men  taught  the  effects  of  a  charge?     (824  j) 

How  are  men  trained  to  carry  their  rifles  in  the  charge?     (824  j) 


CHAPTER  III 

PHYSICAL  TRAINING 

Methods 

In  planning  methods  for  the  employment  of  physical  training  what  fac- 
tors must  be  considered?     (825) 

In  general,  into  what  three  classes  is  it  advisable  to  divide  the  men? 
(825) 

When  possible  when  should  these  drills  be  held?     (825) 
What  must  be  insisted  upon  in  these  movements?     (825) 
How  may  the  drill  be  made  attractive?     (825) 
What  kind  of  exercises  should  be  given  first?     (825) 
Where  should  drill  be  carried  on  when  possible?     (825) 
How  should  men  be  taught  to  breathe  in  these  exercises?     (825) 
What  does  labored  breathing  indicate?     (825) 

What  exercises  will  afford  relief  in  cases  of  labored  breathing  or  palpi- 
tation?    (825) 

When  should  exercises  never  be  given?     (825) 
What  should  one  never  do  immediately  after  exercising?     (825) 
What  action  should  be  taken  when  the  body  is  warm  from  exercising? 
(825) 

What  is  said  about  cold  baths  after  exercising?     (825) 
What  is  the  best  material  to  wear  next  to  the  skin  during  physical  drill? 
(825) 

Commands — Setting-up  Exercises 

What  two  kinds  of  commands  are  there?     (826) 

After  a  movement  has  begun  how  is  it  continued  instead  of  repeating 
the  command?     (826) 

How  may  the  voice  indicate  that  "halt"  is  to  be  given?     (826) 
Describe  the  position  of  "attention."      (827) 

Illustrate  the  position  to  be  assumed  at  the  command  rest  or  at  ease. 
(827) 

Explain  "count  off."     (826) 

Describe  how  "take  distance"  is  executed.     (828) 
How  is  the  squad  assembled  after  distance  has  been  taken?     (828) 
What  are  the  most  common  physical  defects?     (829-833) 
What  exercises  are  given  for  drooping  head?     (830) 
How  are  round  or  stooped  shoulders  corrected?     (831) 
How  may  a  weak  back  be  strengthened?     (832) 
Give  some  of  the  exercises  for  a  weak  abdomen.     (833)       I 
What  exercises  are  given  for  increasing  the  depth  and  width  of  the  shoul- 
ders?    (834) 


.30  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

How  are  .the  best  results  obtained  from  physical  exercises?     (835) 

What  is  the  rule  in  setting-up  exercises?     (835) 

Give  the  starting  positions  for  the  five  arm  exercises.     (836) 

Describe  the  combination  arm  exercises.     (836) 

Why  are  setting-up  exercises  important?     (837) 

What  do  they  do  for  the  body  and  its  parts?     (837) 

Describe  the  quarter  bend  exercise  for  the  trunk.     (838) 

What  other  exercises  are  given  for  the  trunk?     (838) 

Give  the  command  and  explain  one  leg  exercise.     (839) 

Explain,  giving  the  command,  for  the  shoulder  exercise.     (840) 

Describe  the  neck  exercise.     (841) 

Explain  the  breathing  exercise.     (842) 

Give  the  command  and  explain  the  toe  exercise.     (843) 

Explain,  giving  commands,  the  "leaning  rest  on  four  counts. "     (844) 

What  is  the  length  and  cadence  of  the  step  in  quick  time?     (845) 

When  exercising  on  the  march  what  command  is  given  to  discontinue  the 

exercise?     (845) 

Give  some  of  the  commands  for  exercises  while  marching.     (845) 
What  is  the  length  and  cadence  of  the  step  at  double  time?     (846) 
Give  some  of  the  arm  exercises  that  may  be  executed  while  marching  at 

the  double  time.     (846) 

Rifle  exercises 

What  is  the  object  of  these  exercises?     (847) 
Give  the  command  for  and  explain  the  starting  position.     (847) 
Explain  how  the  piece  is  brought  to  the  order  from  the  starting  position. 
(847) 

Describe  the  first  exercise  of  the  first  group.     (848) 
Describe  the  second  exercise  of  the  first  group.     (849) 
Describe  the  third  exercise  of  the  first  group.     (850) 
Describe  the  fourth  exercise  of  the  first  group.      (851) 
Describe  the  first  exercise  of  the  second  group.     (852) 
Describe  the  second  exercise  of  the  second  group.     (853) 
Describe  the  third  exercise  of  the  second  group.     (854) 
Describe  the  fourth  exercise  of  the  second  group.     (855) 
Describe  the  first  exercise  of  the  third  group.     (856) 
Describe  the  second  exercise  of  the  third  group.     (857) 
Describe  the  third  exercise  of  the  third  group.     (858) 
Describe  the  fourth  exercise  of  the  third  group.     (859) 

Gymnastic  Contests 

How  often  should  gymnastic  contests  be  indulged  in?     (860) 

Explain  cane  wrestling.     (860) 

Describe  cane  twisting.     (860) 

How  is  cane  pulling  executed?     (860) 

What  is  the  " bucked "  contest?     (860) 

Describe  single  and  double  pole  pushing.      (860) 

Explain  the  < '  cock  fight. »      ( 860 ) 

Describe  Indian  wrestling.     (860) 

Name  and  describe  one  other  gymnastic  exercise.      (860) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  31 

CHAPTER  IV 
SIGNALLING 

Signals  and  Codes 

For  all  visual  signalling  what  code  is  used?     (861) 
Give  the  dots  and  dashes  for — 

Each  letter  of  the  alphabet; 

Each  number; 

Period,  comma,  interrogation.     (861) 

What  are  the  more  important  conventional  flag  signals  used  for?     (861) 
What  may  be  substituted  for  flags?     (861) 

Wigwag 

In  wigwag  signalling  what  is  the    position    of    the    flag    at    starting? 
(862-1) 

What  are  the  three  motions  used  and  what  does  each  indicate?     (862-1) 

Explain  how  the  beam  of  a  searchlight  may  be  used  without  a  shutter. 
(862-2) 

Describe  the  wigwag  signalling  with  a  torch  or  hand  lantern.     (862-3) 

How  do  you  call  a  station — 

If  the  call  letter  is  known? 

If  the  call  letter  is  unknown?     (862-4) 

How  do  you  acknowledge  a  call?     (862-4) 

Describe  how  the  flag  should  be  handled  in  signalling.      (862-5) 

What  is  the  proper  way  of  making  " front'7?     (862-5) 

How  should  the  body  be  worked  in  making  the  right  and  left  motions? 
(8r>2-5) 

How  should  the  flag  be  kept  in  making  " front"?     (862-5) 

The  Two-arm  Semaphore  Code 

How  may  semaphore  signalling  be  done?     (863) 

How  should  the  sender  stand?     (863) 

How  should  the  body  be  worked  in  making  letters  requiring  the  use  of 
both  arms  on  the  same  side  of  the  body?     (863) 

What  should  be  done  when  a  letter  repeats?     (863) 

In  receiving  what  should  be  done  if  you  miss  a  letter?      (863) 

If  you  miss  a  word?     (863) 

How  should  the  positions  for  the  various  letters  be  taken?     (863) 

Illustrate  in  the  case  of  "L."     (863) 

What  should  you  do  in  making  D,  J,  K,  P,  T  and  V?     (863) 

What  should  be  acquired  first?    -(863) 

How  is  the  "chop-chop"  signal  made?     (863) 

What  signal  is  made  at  the  end  of — 
A  word? 
A  sentence? 
A  message?     (863) 

What  is  signalled  in  case  of  an  error?     (863) 

How  do  you  break  in?     (863) 

Explain  the  use  of  the  signal,  ' '  Numerals, ' '  hi  connection  with  the  send- 
ing of  numerals?      (863) 

Illustrate  the  position  of  the  flags  for  the  letters  of  the  alphabet.  (863 — 
Plates  I  and  II) 


32  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TRAINING 

What  letter  is  used  for — 
'Error"?     (863) 
'Negative  "I     (863) 
'Preparatory"?     (863) 
'Annulling"?     (863) 
'  Interrogatory  "  ?     (863) 
'Affirmative"?      (863) 
'Acknowledge"?     (863) 


What 


position  of  the  flags  is  used  for — 


'Attention"? 

'Interval"?     (863) 
Explain   signalling  with  the  heliograph  flash  lantern   and   search  light 
when  a  shutter  is  used.     (864) 

How  may  sound  signals  be  made?      (865) 
Explain  signalling  by  sound.      (865) 
Where  only  is  the  Morse  Code  used?     (866) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MAN  KM,  OF   MILITARY  TRAINING 

PART  II 
COMPANY  COMMAND 

CHAPTER  I 
THE  GOVERNMENT  AND  ADMINISTRATION  OF  A  COMPANY 

What  does  the  proper  performance  of  the  duty  of  a  company  commander 

demand  of  him?     (867) 

What  two  kinds  of  duty  does  the  command  of  a  company  divide  itself 

nto?     (867) 

What  does  the  government  of  a  company  include?     (867) 
What  does  the  administration  of  a  company  include?     (867) 
What  are  the  prerequisites  of  good  administration?     (867) 

The  Captain 

What  is  it  the  captain's  duty  to  provide  for  the  men  of  the  company? 
(868) 

What  is  one  of  the  officer's  most  important  duties  with  reference  to  his 
men?  (868) 

Discuss  the  assigning  of  work  and  responsibility  to  the  lieutenants  and 
noncommissioned  officer.  (869) 

What  are  the  captain's  duties  with  reference  to  his  lieutenants  and  what 
should  he  require  of  them?  (869) 

The  Lieutenant 

What  duties  must  the  lieutenant  constantly  be  fitting  himself  to  per- 
form? (870) 

What  should  the  captain  require  him  to  do?     (870) 

In  case  the  lieutenant  falls  in  temporary  command  of  a  company  what  is 
bhe  custom  in  the  Army  regarding  his  making  any  changes,  especially  in  the 
status  of  the  noncommissioned  officers?  (870) 

In  general  terms  how  is  a  lieutenant's  authority,  around  barracks  and 
over  men,  limited?  (870) 

As  a  matter  of  fact  when  a  lieutenant  wants  anything  about  the  com- 
pany what  should  he  do?  (870) 

The  Captain  and  the  Lieutenants 

What  example  should  the  company  officers  set  to  the  men?     (871) 
Who  is  responsible  for  laxness  in  the  dress  and  indifference  in  the  salut- 
ing of  a  company?     (871) 

How  are  the  character  and  the  efficiency  of  the  company  officers  re- 
flected? (871) 

How  is  the  best  in  a  soldier  developed?     (871) 

What  extremes  must  young  officers  avoid  in  their  treatment  of  men? 
(872) 

Discuss  briefly  the  lieutenant's  attitude  toward  and  his  treatment  of  the 
enlisted  men  of  his  company.  (872) 

The  First  Sergeant 

How  may  the  first  sergeant's  relation  to  the  company  be  considered? 
(873) 

What  is  the  rule  in  most  companies  in  the  regular  army,  with  reference 
to  soldiers  speaking  to  the  company  commander.  (873) 


34  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TRAINING 

What  authority,  with  reference  to  privates  and  noncommissioned  offi- 
cers, is  sometimes  delegated  to  the  first  sergeants?  (873) 

The  Noncommissoned  Officers 

Why  should  great  care  and  judgment  be  exercised  in  the  selection  of  non- 
commissioned officers?  (874) 

What  qualities  should  noncommissioned  officers  possess?      (874) 

What  must  a  noncommissioned  officer  require  of  those  to  whom  he  fives 
orders?  (874) 

How  must  the  company  officers  back  up  their  noncommissioned  officers i 
(874) 

What  is  said  of  admonishing  noncommissioned  officers ;  of  praising 
them?  (874) 

What  is  required  of  a  squad  leader?      (874) 

What   is   said    of   putting    responsibilitv    on    noncommissioned    officer? 
(874) 

What  is  a  noncommissioned  officer's  duty  with  respect  to  orders  issued 
by  his  superiors?  (874) 

When  may  noncommissioned  officers  place  men  in  arrest  or  confinement  ? 
(875) 

What  is  said  of  the  reduction  of  noncommissioned  officers?      (876) 

What  is  the  practice  in  some  regiments  with  regard  to  noncommissioned 
officers  resigning?  (876) 

Contentment  and  Harmony 

Why  should  the  company  officers  seek  to  produce  contentment  and  har- 
mony in  the  company?  (877) 

What  are  the  captain's  duties  in  regard  to  the  mess?      (878) 
How  should  the  library  and  amusement  room  be  equipped?     (879) 
What  athletic  apparatus  should  be  purchased   from  the  company  fund 
for  the  soldiers'  use?     (880) 

Rewards  and  Privileges 

Give  briefly  of  the  rewards  and  privileges  given  to  men  whose  conduct 
warrants  them.  (881) 

Instead  of  trials  by  court-martial  how  may  minor  offenses  be  punished? 
(882) 

In  case  other  punishment  than  trial  by  court-martial  is  given  what  must 
be  made  known  to  the  soldier?  (882) 

Give  several  different  forms  of  company  punishment  that  may  be  given. 
(883) 

What  treatment  is  given  drunken  and  obscene  men  to  control  them  ? 
(884) 

What  is  the  object  of  Saturday  morning  inspections?     (885) 

How  may  men  be  punished  for  appearing  at  inspection  with  arms  and 
equipment  not  in  proper  shape?  (885) 

Property  Responsibility 

Give  three  important  details  that  must  be  observed  in  caring  and  ac- 
counting for  property.  (886) 

How  often  should  settlements  be  made  with  the  quartermaster?      (886) 
What  is  done  with  worn  out  and  unserviceable  property?      (886) 
What  action  is  taken  before  property  is  submitted  to  a  surveying  offi- 
cer?    (886) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  35 

Company  Paperwork 

What  form  of  typewriter  is  best  suited  to  both  field  and  garrison  work? 
867) 

Name  some  of  the  principal  books,  records  and  papers  connected  with  the 
idministration  of  a  company.  (887-909) 

Make  out  a  morning  report  for  two  days  £or  a  company  of  Infantry 

strength  100  men)  showing  the  following  changes  the  second  day;  one  man 

luty  to  sick,  three  men  absent  without  leave,  one  man  from  furlough  to  duty 

and  one  man  confined.     In  the  space  provided  make  suitable  remarks  and 

nake  the  necessary  notations  in  the  columns  for  rations.      (888) 

Who  should  sign  the  sick  report  each  day?      (889) 

Who  keeps  the  duty  roster?     (890) 

What  record  is  kept  in  the  company  fund  book  and  how  often  should  it 

audited?     (892) 

What  is  the  purpose  of  the  correspondence  book?     (893) 

What  papers  are  filed  in  the  document  file?     (892) 

What  is  the  object  of  the  delinquency 'record?      (895) 

Why  are  the  descriptive  list,  military  record  and  clothing  account  among 
he  most  important  company  records  of  the  soldier?  (897) 

What  is  meant  by  a  memorandum  receipt?     (900) 

What  data  is  kept  on  the  record  of  rifle  cards?     (902) 

What  papers  pertaining  to  the  clothing  of  men  must  be  kept  in  the  com- 
iany?  (904,  905,  906) 

What  does  the  target  record  show?      (907) 

Make  out  a  ration  return  for  a  company  showing  83  men  present,  filling 
n  all  data  pertaining  to  additions  and  subtractions  and  complete  except  sig- 
.ature  of  the  commanding  officer.  (909) 

CHAPTER  II 
DISCIPLINE 

In  its  deeper  and  more  important  sense  how  may  discipline  be  defined? 
910) 

What  are  the  best  methods  of  attaining  good  discipline?     (911) 
Why  is  discipline  one  of  the  chief  factors  of  success  in  war?     (912) 
Discuss  briefly  the  reasons  for  adopting  a  system 'of  discipline  that  is  in 
Leeping  with  the  national  characteristics  of  a  people.     (913) 

What  system  applies  to  the  American  people  and  why?     (913) 
Discuss  briefly  the  means  of  attaining  and  maintaining  discipline.   (914) 
What  are  the  two  objects  of  punishment?     (915) 
In  punishing  offenses  what  distinction  should  be  made?     (915) 

General  Principles 

In  the  administration  of  discipline  what  should  be  required  of  every  offi- 
3i-  and  soldier?  (916) 

What  control  is  given  subordinates  and  what  are  they  held  strictly  re- 
ponsible  for?  (916) 

Once  a  subordinate  has  been  placed  in  charge  of  a  certain  duty  how 
lould  all  orders  or  instructions  pertaining  to  that  duty  be  transmitted? 
916) 

What  is  the  duty  of  an  officer  or  noncommissioned  officer  who  gives  an 
rder?  (916) 

What  is  said  of  the  treatment  and  punishment  of  soldiers?     (916) 


36  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

PART  III 

MISCELLANEOUS    SUBJECTS    PERTAINING    TO 
COMPANY  TRAINING  AND   INSTRUCTION 

CHAPTER  I 

GENERAL  PRINCIPLES  OF  COMPANY  TRAINING  AND 
INSTRUCTION 

In  short,  what  is  the  object  of  company  training?      (917) 
How  can  this  object  be  obtained?     (917) 

In  order  to  obtain  the  greatest  results  in  the  shortest  time  how  must 
training  be  carried  on?     (918) 

How  are  the  different  subjects  taken  up?     (919) 
Discuss  simultaneous  training  and  instruction.      (920) 
Who  is  held  responsible  for  the  training  and  instruction  of  a  company? 
(921) 

How  should  the  training  be  made  interesting?      (922) 
What  must  each  exercise,  lesson  or  lecture  have  in  view?     (922) 
How  should  every  exercise  or  talk  be  prepared?     (922) 
Why  is  individual  initiative  important?      (923) 
What  is  it  that  counts  above  all  others  in  war?     (923) 
What  two  factors  in  battle  are  fully  as  important  as  discipline?     (924) 
What  element  should  every  system  of  training  and  instruction  take  into 
account?     (925) 

What  qualities  in  the  soldier  are  favorable  to  success?     (925) 
How  may  these  be  fostered?     (925) 

What  emotion  has  more  power  upon  the  feelings  of  the  soldier  than  any 
other?     (926) 

What  will  do  much  to  neutralize  fear  in  the  soldier?     (926) 
What  physical  method  of  overcoming  fear  in  battle  is  used?     (926) 
How  may  courage  be  developed  in  the  soldier?     (927) 
What  should  every  man  be  taught  to  do  in  case  of  surprise?     (928) 
What  is  said  of  self-respect  in  a  soldier?     (929) 
Why  is  cheerfulness  a  valuable  asset  in  war?     (930) 
Upon  what  factors  are  contentment  dependent  and  which  of  these  fac- 
tors is  most  important?     (931) 

Art  of  Instruction  on  the  Ground 

What  is  the  advantage  of  training  on  the  ground?     (933) 
What  are  the  three  methods  of  instruction  on  the  ground?     (934) 
Briefly  give  an  outline  of  the  company  commander's  method  of  instruc- 
tion in  the  attack  using  the  ocular  demonstration  method.     (935) 

Give  a  brief  synopsis  of  the  captain 's  demonstration  in  the  defense  using 
the  ocular  demonstration  method.     (936) 

Briefly  give  the  main  points  in  the  company  commander 's  demonstration 
by  the  ocular  demonstration  method,  off  outpost  duty.     (937) 

How  are  the  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  close  and  extended  order 
illustrated  by  the  ocular  demonstration  method?     (938) 

By  the  ocular  demonstration  method  illustrate  how  the  use  of  cover  may 
be  taught.     (939) 

How  is  practice  in  commanding  mixed  squads  taught?     (940) 
What  is  a  good  way  of  arousing  interest  and  enthusiasm  in  the  training 
of  troops?     (941) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  37 

CHAPTER  II 

GENERAL  COMMON  SENSE  PRINCIPLES  OF  APPLIED  MINOR 

TACTICS 

Of  what  does  applied  minor  tactics  consist?     (942) 

What  was  an  able  army  officer's  definition  of  the  Art  of  War?     (943) 

What  is  necessary  to  a  successful  leader  in  battle?     (943) 

What  is  the  difference  between  a  map  problem  and  a  terrain  exercise? 

945) 

What  is  meant  by  the  "war  game"?     (946) 

What  is  the  difference  between  a  war  game  and  a  maneuver?     (947) 
In  solving  a  map  problem,  war  game,  etc.,  what  three  things  must  you 

lo?     (949) 

What  is  meant  by  "estimating  the  situation'7?     (950) 

What  is  your  most  important  step  in  estimating  a  situation?      (950) 

What  other  considerations  enter  into  the  estimate  of  the  situation?   (950) 

In  making  your  plan  what  must  you  bear  in  mind?     (950) 

What  is  meant  by  the  decision?      (950) 

What  should  be  the  character  of  your  decision?     (951) 

In  issuing  your  order  what  should  the  first  paragraph  contain?     (952) 

What  should  be  the  character  of  your  order?     (952) 

Why  in  general  is  it  a  mistake  to  separate  your  force?     (953) 

Discuss  cover.     (953) 

In  order  to  win  the  battle  what  is  necessary?     (953) 

How  heavy  should  the  firing  line  be?     (953) 

CHAPTER  III 

ENERAL    PLAN    OF    INSTRUCTION    IN    MAP    PROBLEMS    FOR 
NONCOMMISSIONED    OFFICERS    AND    PRIVATES- 
INSTRUCTION  IN  DELIVERING  MESSAGES 

Describe  the  plan  by  which  the  captain  would  instruct  his  nonconimis- 

oned  officers  and  men  in  map  problems.     (954) 
What  is  the  general  idea  of  this  system  of  instruction?     (955) 
Give  briefly  the  manner  in  which  orders,  commands  or  instructions  should 
given  by  those  taking  part  in  the  map  problem.     (956) 
What  are  the  noncommissioned  officers  taught  in  the  solution  of  map 

roblems?     (956) 

Give  a  sample  of  the  order  you  would  issue  in  case  the  enemy  appeared 

nd  you  wish  your  patrol  to  fire  on  him.     (956) 

How  may  variety  and  interest  be  added  to  the  instruction?     (957) 
Describe  how  soldiers  should  be  instructed  in  delivering  messages.   (958) 

CHAPTER  IV 
THE  gERVICE  OF  INFORMATION 

Patrolling 

What  are  patrols  and  how  does  their  strength  vary?   *(959) 
Give  some  of  the  uses  of  patrols.     (959) 
How  are  patrols  named  according  to  their  objects?     (959) 
Upon  what  does  the  size  of  a  patrol  depend?     (960) 
For  what  qualities  are  patrol  leaders  selected  and  what  inuat  they  be 
ble  to  do?     (961) 


38  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

What  is  one  of  the  highest  and  most  valuable  qualifications  of  a  non- 
commissioned officer  in  patrolling?  (961) 

Why  will  a  patrol  leader  be  forced  to  use  his  own  -judgment  while  lead- 
ing his  patrol?  (961) 

What  causes  the  loss  of  more  battles  than  anything  else?     (961) 
How  is  most  of  the  information  gathered  in  the  field?     (961) 
While  patrols  may  be  sent  out  from  any  part  of  a  command,  from  what 
part  of  the  following  are  they  usually  sent:  advance  guard,  rear  guard   out- 
posts, or  troops  in  a  fight?      (962) 

What  must  the  orders  for  a  patrol  state  clearly  whenever  possible? (963) 
V\  here  there  is  time  for  only  the  briefest  instructions,  what  must  the 
patrol  leader  do?     (963) 

Time  permitting,  what  should  a  patrol  leader  be  careful  to  do  before 
starting  out  with  his  patrol?  (964) 

What  kind  of  men  should  be  selected  for  patrol  work?     (964) 

leacter1  then  STT^?  ^  ^^  Ullderstood  his  orders  what  does  the  Patro1 
Before   departing  from  the  place   where   the   patrol   is  to   return  what 
should  the  patrol  leader  and  all  of  his  men  do?     (966) 

The  Principles  of  Patrolling 

Illustrate  how  a  patrol  of  the  following  number  of  men  would  be  formed : 
two  men,  three  men,  four  men,  five  men,  six  men.  (968) 

Illustrate  the  formation  of  a  patrol  of  six  men  marching  along  a  road 
with  a  hill  on  the  right  of  the  road.  (968) 

Illustrate  the  formation  of  a  patrol  of  one  squad  passing  through  a  defile. 

(9o8) 

Illustrate  the  formation  of  a  patrol  of  six  men  passing  along  a  road. 

(968) 

Illustrate  the  formation  of  a  patrol  of  one  squad  passing  through  a  wood! 
on  both  sides  of  the  road.  (968) 

Illustrate  the  formation  of  a  patrol  of  one  squad  marching  along  one  '• 
side  of  a  river.  (968) 

Illustrate  the  formation  of  a  patrol  of  two  squads  marching  along  a 
road;  across  open  ground.  (968) 

In  patrolling  discuss  the  position  of  the  leader  and  the  distance  between 
men.  (968) 

Whatever  the  formation  of  a  patrol,  what  must  the  arrangement  of  the 
men. insure?  (968) 

When  must  patrols  keep  to  the  road?      (968) 

Discuss  the  sending  out  of  Hankers  from  patrols.      (968) 

How  should  patrols  advance?     (969) 

Discuss  returning  patrols.      (969) 

How  often  should  a  patrol  halt  and  how  is  it  disposed  during  the  halt:' 

In  case  a  patrol  discovers  a  hostile  patrol  what  action  is  taken?      (971} 
Should  a  patrol  become  scattered,  checked,  or  cut  off,  what  should  it  doV 

What  is  the  rule  for  returning  patrols1?      (973) 
How  may, a  patrol  guard  against  being  cut  off?      (974) 
When  it  becomes  necessary  for  a  patrol  to  remain  out  over  night  whai 
does  it  do?     (975) 

How  are  civilians  handled  by  patrols?      (976) 

What  is  the  one  principle  most  often  violated  by  patrol  leaders?    (977  a) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  39 

When  may  a  patrol  fight?     (977) 

Describe  three  signals  that  must  be  understood  by  all  members  of  a  pa- 
;rol  and  explain  their  meaning.  (978) 

When  the  patrol  is  deployed  what  must  every  man  do?     (978) 

What  should  the  characteristics  of  a  message  be?     (979) 

Assuming  that  a  patrol  has  seen  the  enemy,  what  data  must  be  put  in  the 
nessage?  (969) 

How  should  statements  of  others  be  put  in  a  message?     (979) 

How  should  a  message  be  ended?     (979) 

Take  an  army  field  message  blank  and  make  out  a  message,  as  patrol 
eader,  to  your  company  commander  informing  him  that  you  have  discov- 
ered a  body  of  the  enemy.  Assume  names  of  locations,  numbers  of  enemy, 
irections  and  other  necessary  data.  (979-980) 

What  should  a  patrol  leader  always  be  guided  by  when  he  is  trying  to 
.ecide  whether  or  not  to  send  back  a  message?  (981) 

Discuss  reporting  the  absence  of  the  enemy  from  a  locality  that  your 
>atrol  has  been  ordered  to  reconnoiter.  (982) 

Suggestions  for  Gaining  Information  about  the  Enemy 

What  information  of  a  marching  column  should  a  patrol  try  to  gain  and 
ow  may  this  be  obtained?  (983) 

Give  the  method  of  estimating  the  strength  of  marching  columns  of  in- 
fantry, cavalry,  and  artillery,  both  in  column  of  squads  and  column  of  twos. 
983)" 

What  may  dust  indicate  with  regard  to  columns  of  troops?      (983) 

Discuss  what  information  may  be  apparent  to  the  patrol  leader  from  the 
rail  of  a  column  that  has  passed.  (983) 

When  is  the  best  time  to  obtain  information  of  an  outpost  line  and  of 

at  does  that  information  consist?     (983) 

What  information  of  a  hostile  line  of  battle  is  always  of  greatest  im- 
portance? (983) 

When  should  prisoners  be  questioned  and,  in  general,  what  questions 
hould  be  asked  them?  (984) 

Discuss  camp  noises  and  what  tjiey  indicate.     (985) 

What  valuable  information  may  the  indications  of  any  abandoned  camp 
ite  give  to  the  patrol?  (986) 

Discuss  information  conveyed  by  flames  and  smoke  from  fires  burning  in 
e  enemy }s  camp.  (987) 

How  far,  on  a  clear  day,  can  a  man  with  good  vision  see  the  following: 
hurch  spires,  windmills,  light  colored  chimneys,  trunks  of  trees,  single  posts 
nd  panes  of  glass?  (988) 

Give  some  of  the  different  formations  and  the  distances  at  which  troops 
may  be  seen.  (988) 

Give  some  of  the  conditions  under  which  objects  appear  (a)  nearer  than 
hey  are,  (b)  farther  away  than  they  actually  are.  (988) 

Suggestions  for  the  Reconnaissance  of  Various  Positions  and  Localities 

Discuss  the  reconnaissance  of  a  cross  road.      (989) 

How  are  heights  reconnoitered?      (990) 

Describe  how  a  patrol  passes  through  a  defile.     (991) 

What  is  done  when  a  patrol  wishes  to  pass  a  bridge  or  a  ford?     (992) 

Describe  how  a  patrol  reconnoiters  a  wood.      (993) 

Explain  how  an  enclosure  is  reconnoitered.      (994) 

How  is  a  position  approached  by  a  patrol?     (995) 


40  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

Describe  how  a  patrol  approaches  and  reconnoiters  a  house.      (996) 
Explain  in  detail  how  a  patrol  reconnoiters  a  village  and  what  action 
takes  after  entering  the  same.     (997) 

Briefly  what  facts  should   a  patrol  obtain  regarding   roads,   railroads, 
bridges,  rivers  and  other  streams,  woods,  canals,  telegraphs,  villages,  del 
files,  ponds  and  marshes,  springs  and  rivulets,  valleys,  heights.     (998-101  OH 
What  is  said  of  patrols  executing  demolitions?     (1011) 
How  may  demolitions  be  classed?    Give  an  example  of  each  class.   (10111 
In    what    manner    may    telegraph    lines    and    railroads    be    disabledf 
(1012-3) 

Describe  how  bridges  and  roads  may  be  temporarily  disabled.     (1014) 
What  does  a  patrol  leader  do  upon  returning?     (1015) 
Assuming  that  you  are  the  leader  of  a  patrol  sent  out  from  your  com- 
pany to  reconnoiter  a  valley  where  a  body  of  the  enemy  has  been  reported! 
in  camp,  make  out  a  written  report  supplying  the  necessary  data.     (1016«| 
In  working  out  a  map  problem  what  should  you  do  before  reading  th£ 
approved  solution  and  why?     (1017) 

CHAPTER  V 

THE  SERVICE  OF  SECURITY 
General  Principles 

What  does  the  service  of  security  embrace?     (1020) 

Name  the  different  bodies  that  might  be  thrown  out  to  protect  a  com- 
mand either  on  the  march  or  in  camp?  (1020) 

Give  the  general  formations  of  these  bodies  naming  the  parts  and  giving 
their  duties?  .(1020) 

How  may  the  formation  of  bodies  on  advance  guard,  rear  guard  or  out-" 
post  duty  be  modified  for  small  commands?  (1020) 

Advance  Guard 

What  is  an  advance  guard?     (1021) 

In  detail,  what  are  the  duties  of  an  advance  guard?     (1021) 

Discuss  the  strength  of  an  advance  guard.     (1022) 

Of  what  is  the  advance  guard  composed?     (1023) 

Upon  what  does  the  distance  of  the  advance  guard  from  the  main  body 
depend,  and  what  should  this  distance  always  allow?  (1024) 

What  distance  would  be  used  for  an  advance  guard  of  one  squad  for  a' 
platoon  of  infantry;  one  to  two  squads  for  a  company  of  infantry?  (1024)' 

What  are  connecting  files,  what  are  their  duties,  and  how  far  should  they 
be  from  the  units  that  are  to  be  watched?  (1025) 

Name  the  different  parts  of  an  advance  guard  from  frent  to  rear  I: 
(1026) 

Why  do  the  parts  of  an  advance  guard  vary  in  strength  from  front  to 
rear?  (1026) 

In  general,  give  the  distances  between  the  various  parts  of  an  advance 
guard  and  explain  why  these  distances  may  vary?  (1026) 

What  is  the  principal  element  of  an  advance  guard  and  how  does  it  vary 
in  strength?  (1027) 

What  is  the  advance  party  and  how  does  it  protect  itself  from  surprise! 
(1028) 

For  an  infantry  company,  what  is  the  usual  size  of  the  advance  party 
and  what  is  its  distance  from  the  support?  (1028) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  41 

What  body  is  sent  forward  by  the  advance  party  and  usually  what  dis- 
tance does  it  maintain?  (1028) 

Discuss  the  commander  of  the  support,  his  position,  what  he  should  have, 
and  his  duties?  (1028) 

Why  should  a  noncommissioned  officer  have  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
,rrangement  of  the  support?  (1028) 

What  action  should  the  commander  of  the  point  take  in  case  he  is  fired 
upon;  the  commander  of  the  advance  party?  (1029) 

What  must  the  leader  of  every  subdivision  do  once  the  enemy  is  met? 
1029) 

Discuss  the  subdivision  of  an  advance  guard  for  a  small  force?     (1029) 

Draw  a  diagram  showing  the  subdivisions,  with  strength  of  each  and 
distances,  of  an  advance  guard  of  one  battalion  of  infantry  with  no  reserve? 
(1029) 

Draw  a  diagram  showing  the  subdivisions,  with  strength  of  each  and  dis- 
ances,  of  a  battalion  of  infantry  as  advance  guard  with  a  reserve?  (1030) 

Draw  a  diagram  of  a  regiment  of  infantry  as  an  advance  gurd,  giving 
strength  and  distances  of  all  subdivisions.  (1030) 

Discuss  flanking  patrols,  giving  their  strength,  routes  of  march  and 
duties?  (1031) 

Give  in  detail  just  what  the  commander  of  an  advance  guard  does  upon 
the  receipt  of  a  march  order.  (1032) 

Under  the  head  of  flank  guards  discuss,  when  necessary,  distance  sent 
out,  line  of  march,  formation  and  duties.  (1046) 

Bear  Guard 

What  is  a  rear  guard?     (1047) 

When  is  the  rear  guard  small,  and  when  strong  and  all  important? 
§047) 

Compare  the  strength  of  a  rear  guard  to  an  advance  guard.     (1048) 

Where  may  the  proper  forms  for  the  written  order  for  an  advance  guard 
or  rear  guard  be  found?  (1049) 

How  does  a  rear  guard  compare  with  the  advance  guard  in  formation, 
strength  and  distances?  (1049) 

During  an  engagement  how  does  the  rear  guard  cover  the  withdrawal  of 
the  main  body?  (1047) 

What  regulates  the  rate  of  march  of  the  rear  guard?     (1049) 

Describe  the  action  of  a  rear  guard  in  covering  the  retreat  of  defeated 
troops.  (1050) 

What  means  other  than  fighting  may  be  employed  to  delay  the  pursuit 
of  the  enemy?  (1050) 

Outposts 

Define  outposts.     (1051) 

Give  the  specific  duties  of  an  outpost.     (1051) 

Upon  what  conditions  does  the  size  of  an  outpost  depend?     (1052) 

Between  what  limits  may  the  strength  of  an  outpost  vary  and  what  usu- 
ally is  the  suitable  strength  of  the  outpost?  (1052) 

In  disposing  their  troops  what  must  the  commanders  of  the  subdivisions 
of  an  outpost  bear  in  mind?  (1052) 

Generally,"  what  troops  compose  the  greater  part  of  an  outpost  and  why 
is  this  so?  (1053) 

In  an  outpost  composed  of  all  arms,  give  briefly  the  duties  of  the  various 
troops?  (1053) 


42  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

Draw  a  diagram  of  an  outpost  showing  the  main  body  with  the  outpost 
in  position,  naming  the  various  parts,  including  the  different  types  of  out- 
guards.  (1054) 

Upon  what  do  the  distances  between  the  various  parts  of  the  outpost  de- 
pend? (1055) 

What  controls  the  exact  location  of  the  different  parts  of  the  outpost? 
(1055) 

What  are  the  basic  principles  on  which  the  distances  in  an  outpost  are 
based?  (1055) 

What  in  general  are  the  distances  between  the  following  parts  of  an  out- 
post viz:  advance  cavalry,  sentinels,  outguards,  supports,  reserve,  main 
body?  (1055) 

Discuss  advance   cavalry.     (1056) 

What  is  the  main  duty  of  supports?      (1057) 

How  are  supports  numbered  and  how  do  they  vary  in  strength?      (1057) 

What  is  the  duty  of  outguards  and  how  are  they  numbered?      (1058) 

Give  the  various  classes  of  outguards  and  describe  each.     (1058-1061) 

Under  sentinels,  discuss  how  posted,  distances,  how  numbered  and  du- 
ties. (1062) 

What  is  the  reserve  and  how  is  it  located?     (1063) 

Describe  the  conduct  and  duties  of  the  reserve?     (1063) 

What  action  does  the  reserve  take  in  case  of  an  alarm?     (1063) 

Instead  of  using  outguards  how  may  a  part  of  a  line  of  observation  be 
covered?  (1064) 

How  is  connection  between  various  parts  of  the  outposts  maintained? 
(1064) 

Name  the  different  kinds  of  patrols  used  in  an  outpost  and  give  the  du- 
ties of  each.  (1064) 

Why  should  a  commander  be  careful  in  making  his  details  for  patrols 
and  sentinels?  (1065) 

Describe  how  a  flag  of  truce  is  received.     (1066) 

Discuss  entrenchments,  obstacles  and  concealment  in  outposts?  (1067 
and  1068) 

For  what  purposes  are  detached  posts  used?     (1069) 

As  a  rule,  who  sends  out  detached  posts  and  how  does  their  strength 
vary?  (1069) 

What  is  an  examining  post?     (1070) 

When  is  the  use  of  an  examining  post  important?      (1070) 

Describe  the  outpost  thrown  out  by  independent  cavalry  or  advance  cav- 
alry at  night.  (1071) 

Establishing  the  Outpost 

Until  the  outpost  of  a  body  of  troops  has  been  established,  how  are  the 
troops  protected?  (1072) 

What  information  does  the  halt  order  convey?      (1072) 

When  the  outpost  commander  receives  the  halt  order  what  order  does  hej 
issue  and  what  information  should  it  contain?  (1072) 

Generally,  where  should  the  commander  of  the  outpost  go  to  issue  hia: 
order?  (1072) 

Having  issued  his  initial  order,  what  does  the  outpost  commander  do? 
(1073) 

Describe  the  posting  of  the  various  parts  of  the  outpost,  including  the 
action  of  the  various  commanders  when  their  fractions  have  been  posted? 
(1073) 

What  is  most  important  at  all  times  in  the  outpost  and  who  is  respon- 
sible for  it?  (1074) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  43 

Discuss  changes  for  the  night  in  an  outpost.     (1075) 

When  is  the  outpost  relieved  in  an  advance?     (1076) 

In  case  of  a  retreat  what  duty  does  the  outpost  perform  after  being  re- 
ieved?  (1076) 

What  is  the  duty  of  the  commanders  of  the  various  fractions  of  an  out- 
>ost  when  they  are  relieved?  (1076) 

At  what  hours  are  special  precautions  necessary  in  an  outpost  and  why? 
1076) 

How  may  the  outpost  be  strengthened  during  hours  of  danger?      (1076) 

CHAPTER  VI 
THE  COMPANY  ON  OUTPOST 


44  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

CHAPTER  VII 
THE  COMPANY  TN  SCOUTIFG  AND  PATROLLING 

What  qualities  should  a  man  possess  in   order  to  make  a  good  scout  1 
(1082) 

What  is  one  of  the  first  principles  of  successful  scouting?      (1083) 

To  a  great  extent,  what  are  quickness  and  accuracy  of  sight  and  hear- 

What  should  one  get  into  the  habit  of  doing?      (1083) 
What  should  one  get  into  the  habit  of  doinp-  as  he  walks  through  the 
country?      (1083) 

What  should  one  do  regarding  distant  objects?      (1083) 
What  should  one  guard  against  on  seeing  distant  signs?      (1083) 
What  habit  should  one  get  into  regarding  sounds?     (1083) 
What  are  the  principal  means  of  finding  one's  way  in  a  strange  coun- 
try, and  describe  each?     (1084) 

State  what  one  should  do  if  lost.      (1085) 

What  important  rule  should  be  remembered  as  a  precaution  against  get- 
ting lost?  (1085) 

What  is  a  great  assistance  in  finding  one's  way  in  a  strange  country?] 
(1086) 

What  should  one  always  do  in  starting  out?     Give  an  example.     (1086) 

/-,nl^at  should  one  always  do  in  passing  a  conspicuous  object,  and  why? 
(1086) 

What  is  the  secret  of  never  getting  lost?     (1086) 

What  may  it  sometimes  be  necessary  for  one  to  do  when  traveling' 
through  the  country,  especially  if  it  be  difficult  country?  (1086) 

In  scouting  and  patrolling  what  is  it  important  to  do  in  addition  to  get- 
ting information?  (1087) 

What  are  the  advantages  of  keeping  hidden  from  view?     (1087) 

Should  you  find  that  the  enemy  has  seen  you  what  is  it  often  advisable* 
to  do?  (1087) 

How  should  one  keep  under  cover?     (1087) 


you 


What  should  you  do  if  moving  over  open  country,  and  what  should 

do  as  soon  as  you  reach  new  cover?     (1087) 

What  should  you  be  careful  about  regarding  the  things  you  wear?   (1087)  I 
How  far  can  a  lighted  match  be  seen  at  night?     A  lighted  cigarette?' 

(1087) 

What  should  you  do  in  looking  through  a  bush  or  over  the  top  of  a  hill? 
(1087) 

What  should  you  always  do  in  selecting  a  tree,  tower,  or  top  of  a  house 
or  other  lookout  place  from  which  to  observe  the  enemy?     (1087) 
What  kind  of  place  should,  if  practicable,  be  selected?     (1087) 
What  can  you  say  regarding  the  use  of  trees  as  lookout  places?     (1087)  i 
Explain  the  use  of  a  hill  as  a  lookout  place.     (1087) 
What  should  you  be  careful  to  do  at  night  and  why? 
H°w  wil1  the  enemy  expect  you  to  travel,  especially  at  night,  and  whyfj 

As  a  rule,  in  what  way  will  it  be  best  for  you  to  use  the  road  and  whyfj 

(l(Jo7) 

Explain  in  detail  what  you  would  practice  in  time  of  peace.     (1087) 
What  should  a  mounted  scout  always  have  when  operating  in  a  country! 
where  there  are  wire  fences?     (1087) 

What  is  meant  by  " tracking"?     (1088) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  45 

Describe  the  footmarks  of  a  horse  at  a  (1)  walk,  (2)  trot,  (3)  canter, 
[and  (4)  gallop.  (1088) 

Describe  the  foot  marks  of  a  man  (1)  walking  and  (2)  running.   (1088) 

In  addition  to  being  able  to  determine  the  pace  of  tracks  what  should 
one  be  able  to  tell?  (1088) 

To  a  great  extent  upon  what  does  determining  the  age  of  tracks  de- 
pend? (1088) 

Illustrate  by  giving  an  example.     (1088) 

Give  some  clues  to  the  age  of  tracks.     (1088) 

Having  learned  to  distinguish  the  pace  and  age  of  tracks,  what  is  the 
next  thing  to  learn?  (1088) 

Where  it  is  difficult  to  see  the  tracks,  such  as  on  hard  ground,  what 
should  you  do?  (JL088) 

In  case  the  track  is  lost,  how  should  you  try  to  find  it  again,  and  what 
precaution  should  be  taken  if  with  a  patrol?  (1088) 

Explain  how  one  should  practice  tracking.     (1088) 

Describe  the  mouse  and  cat  contest.     (1089) 

Describe  the  flag-stealing  contest.      (1090) 

CHAPTER  VHI 
NIGHT  OPERATIONS 

What  has  been  the  cause  of  the  marked  increase  in  the  practice  of  night 
operations  in  recent  years?  (1091) 

For  what  purposes  are  such  operations  employed?     (1091) 

Training  of  the  Company 

What  kind  of  training  and  instruction  do  night  movements  require? 
(1092) 

To  what  does  history  show  defeat  in  night  fighting  is  due  in  most  cases? 
(1092) 

What,  in  daylight,  is  the  relative  importance  of  the  moral  to  the  phy- 
sical? (1092) 

What,  therefore,  should  troops  be  accustomed  to  in  time  of  peace? 
(1092) 

Individual  Training 

What  is  the  first  thing  to  be  done  in  training  and  instructing  soldiers  in 
night  work?  (1093) 

What  is  the  best  way  to  do  this?     (1093) 

Describe  the  method  of  instructing  men  how  to  use  their  eyes  in  dark- 
ness. (1094) 

Describe  how  men  are  taught  to  use  their  ears  at  night.     (1095) 

Explain  how  to  determine  the  points  of  the  compass  from  the  North 
Star.  (1096) 

How  may  a  man 's  ability  to  keep  a  given  direction  when  moving  in  the 
darkness  be  tested?  (1096) 

Explain  how  men  are  trained  and  instructed  in  moving  in  the  dark. 
(1097) 

What  are  men  apt  to  do  instinctively  after  passing  an  obstacle  in  the 
dark?  (1097) 

How  should  men  be  practiced  in  night  fencing?     (1098) 

What  points  should  be  borne  in  mind  in  digging  trenches  at  night! 
(1099) 


46  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

State  what  should  be  done  in  night  training  and  instruction  in  regard  to 

the  equipment  worn  by  the  men?      (1100)  • 

What  should  be  done  regarding  bayonets?      (1100) 

What  should  be  continually  impressed  upon  the  men  from  the  beginning? 

(1100) 

As  a  rule,  do  men  fire  too  high  or  top  low  in  the  dark?     (1101) 

What  should  they,  therefore,  be  cautioned  against?     (1101) 

What  should  every  man  be  sure  tp  do  when  the  firing  is  stopped?   (1101) 

What  is  the  most  suitable  position  for  horizontal  firing?     (1101) 

What  method  may  be  employed  in  training  the  soldier  to  hold  his  rifle 

parallel  to  the  ground  while  firing  in  the  dark?     (1101) 

Collective  Training 

Explain  the  first  steps  to  be  taken  in  collective  night  training.     (1101) 
As  far  as  possible,  how  should  the  movements  be  executed?     (1101) 
How  may  the  signals  be  made  and  what  precautions  should  fee  taken? 

(1101) 

What  signals  are  suggested  for  the  following:     To  advance?     To  halt? 

To  lie  down?    To  form  squad  columns?    To  form  platoon  columns?    As  skir- 

mishers?    (1101) 

Explain  what  should  be  done  in  the  case  of  a  company  acting  as  an  ad- 

vance guard  to  a  column.      (1102) 

What  should  be  done  if  the  enemy  is  discovered?     (1102) 

Should  the  scouts  ever  fire,  and  if  so,  under  what  circumstances?   (1102) 

Draw  a  diagram  showing  a  good  formation  for  a  company  acting  as  ad- 

vance guard  at  night.      (1102) 

In  what  formation  would  a  company  marching  alone  move?     (1102) 

Whatever  the  formation,  what  should  always  be  done? 

The  protection  of  what  part  of  the  company  is  always  very  important? 

Against  what  should  the  men  be  warned?     (1102) 

Of  what  should  the  men  be  informed?     (1102) 

How  long  should  the  rests  be  in  night  marches  and  why?     (1102) 

Outposts 

What  should  sentries  be  careful  to  avoid  in  challenging  at  night?   (1103) 
To  what  extent  should  challenging  be  done  by  voice?      (1103) 
Give  the  signals  that  are  suggested  for  challenging  and  explain  their 
use?     (1103) 

What  should  be  done  if,  after  repeating  a  signal,  it  is  not  answered? 


In  case  of  a  patrol,  how  many  men  should  be  advanced  to  be  recognized? 
(1103) 

What  should  a  sentry  always  do  regarding  persons  approaching  before 
being  challenged?  (1103) 

Under  what  circumstances  is  a  sentry  justified  in  firing  at  night?   (1104) 

What  is  the  practice  in  the  French  Army  in  Algeria  about  sentries  firing 
at  night?  (1104) 

How  may  the  routes  from  the  supports  to  the  outguards  and  from  pickets 
to  their  sentries  be  made?  (1105) 

What  measures  should  be  taken  to  insure  that  the  supports  are  alwavs 
ready  for  action?  (1106) 

When  the  commander  lies  down,  where  should  he  do  so?     (1106) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  47 

General 

It  is  of  the  greatest  importance  that  what  be  maintained  between  the 
different  parts  of  a  command  engaged  in  night  operations?  (1107) 

What  is  most  necessary  in  connection  with  all  night  operations,  what- 
sver  their  natures?  (1108) 

Upon  what  does  the  success  of  night  operations  often  depend?     (1108) 
What  is  the  first  thing  to  do  in  preparing  for  a  night  operation?   (1108) 
What  care  must  be  taken  in  this  connection?     (1108) 
What  should  be  done  by  night  as  well  as  by  day,  and  why?     (1108) 

CHAPTER  IX 
FIELD  ENGINEERING 

Give  the  width  for  a  roadway  to  pass  infantry  in  fours;  cavalry  two 
abreast;  military  wagons  in  one  direction;  infantry  in  column  of  twos;  cav- 
alry in  single  file;  and  field  guns  passed  over  by  hand.  (1111) 

What  should  the  clear  width  of  roadway  of  an  ordinary  highway  bridge 

for  single  and  double  track?      (1111) 

What  should  be  the  limit  of  steepness  for  ramps  a^  the  end  of  a  bridge 
for  artillery  and  for  animals?  (1111) 

How  much  clear  head  room  should  there  be  in  ordinary  military  bridges? 

(1111) 

What  is  a  guard  rail  and  how  is  it  secured?      (1111) 

Describe  the  following  kind  of  bridges  and  explain  their  construction : 
Spar  (1112);  single  lock  (1113);  double  lock.  (1114) 

Describe  the  construction  of  the  roadway  of  spar  bridges.      (1115) 

What  is  meant  by  corduroying  and  how  constructed?     (1116) 

Describe  the  construction  of  the  following: 

Brush  work  (1117);  fascines  (1118);  hurdles  (1119)  (1120);  brush 
revetment  (1121);  gabions  (1122)  (1123)  and  other  revetments.  (1124) 
(1125) 

Explain  how  to  tie  the  following  knots:  Square  or  reef  (112(3)  ;  two  half 
hitches  (1127);  clove  hitch  (1128);  timber  hitch  (1129);  bowline  (1130); 
bowline  on  a  bight  (1131)  ;  sheep  shank  (1132)  ;  and  how  to  make  the  fol- 
lowing splices:  short  (1133);  long  (1134);  eye  (1135). 

Explain  the  following  lashings:  Fransom  to  an  upright  spar  (1136); 
for  a  pair  of  shears  (1137)  ;  three  spars  together  as  for  a  gin  or  tripod. 
(1138) 

Describe  the  construction  and  purpose  of  holdfasts.      (1139) 

CHAPTER  X 
FIELD  FORTIFICATIONS 

What  are  the  objects  of  field  fortifications?     (1140) 
How  are  the  objects  of  field  fortifications  accomplished?     (1141) 
Into  what  classes  are  field  fortifications  usually  divided?     (1142) 
Draw  a  diagram  of  a  complete  trench  showing  all  the  parts,  giving  names 

of  each.     (1143) 

What  kinds  of  trenches  do  hasty  intrenchineiits  include?      (1144) 
Draw  a  diagram  of  the  lying  trench  giving  dimensions.      (1145) 
How  is  the  trench  constructed  under  fire?      (1144) 
Draw  a  diagram  of  a  kneeling  trench  giving  dimensions.      (1145) 
Draw   a  diagram   of  the  standing  trench  completed  giving  dimensions. 

(1146) 


48  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

Draw  a  diagram  of  one  of  the  simple  standing  trenches  used  in  the  Euro-] 
pean  war  giving  dimensions.  (1146) 

Give  the  proper  firing  height  (height  from  bottom  of  forward  end  of 
trench  to  crest  of  parapet)  for  men  lying,  kneeling,  standing.  (1144-5-6) 

What  do  deliberate  intrenchments  comprise?      (1147) 

What  are  fire  trenches'?     (1148) 

What  will  govern  the  type  of  fire  trench  selected  for  a  position  and  what 
requirements  must  this  or  any  type  conform  to?  (1148) 

Draw  a  diagram  of  a  simple  fire  trench  giving  dimensions.      (1148) 

Draw  a  diagram  of  a  complete  form  of  fire  trench  giving  dimensions. 
(1148) 

As  soon  as  possible  what  should  be  provided  in  firing  trenches  and  why? 
(1148) 

Draw  a  diagram  of  a  fire  trench  provided  with  protection  against  shrap- 
nel, giving  dimensions.  (1148) 

In  the  European  war,  what  was  the  aim  in  constructing  trenches  and  how 
was  this  accomplished?  (1148) 

Draw  a  diagram  showing  the  system  of  constructing  fire  trenches  in  the 
European  war.  (1148) 

"What  are  traverses  and  what  are  their  objects?     (1149) 

What  regulates  the  width  of  the  traverses  and  how  thick  should  they  be? 
(1149) 

What  is  said  of  the  berm  in  the  trenches  used  in  the  European  war? 
(1150) 

Draw  a  diagram  of  a  trench  showing  recesses.     (1150) 

What  are  recesses  for?     (1150) 

What  is  the  object  of  sortie  steps  and  stakes  and  where  are  they  placed? 
(1150) 

What  form  of  shell  is  most  used  in  the  European  war  and  how  are  men 
protected  against  its  effect?  (1151) 

Draw  a  diagram  showing  a  trench  with  a  parados.     (1151) 

What  other  protection  for  the  firing  line  is  used  in  the  European  war? 
(1151) 

What  is  meant  by  head  cover  and  how  is  it  obtained?     (1152) 

What  are  the  disadvantages  of  head  cover?     (1152) 

When  is  head  cover  most  advantageous?     (1152) 

What  is  the  difference  between  loopholes  and  notches?     (1153) 

Draw  a  diagram  of  a  loophole  naming  all  of  its  parts.     (1153) 

Draw  a  diagram  of  the  different  forms  of  loopholes  and  discuss  the  ad- 
vantages and  disadvantages  of  each.  (1153) 

What  is  the  hopper  loophole?     (1153) 

What  does  the  construction  of  a  notch  require?     (1153) 

Describe  the  usual  form  of  overhead  cover.     (1154) 

Discuss  the  thickness  of  overhead  cover.     (1154) 

What  area  of  head  cover  is  required  for  one  man  for  the  time  he  is  on 
duty,  for  continuous  occupancy;  for  a  short  time;  for  long  occupation? 
(1154) 

Draw  diagrams  showing  some  of  the  forms  of  overhead  cover  giving  di- 
mensions of  one.  (1154) 

In  rifle  position  what  head  cover  only  can  be  provided?     (1154) 

What  is  the  purpose  of  cover  trenches?     (1155) 

What  is  the  important  point  in  cover  trenches?      (1155) 

How  do  cover  trenches  vary?     (1155) 

Draw  a  diagram  showing  an  open  and  a  closed  cover  trench  giving  di- 
mensions. (1155) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING           49 

In  the  European  war  how  far  in  rear  of  the  fire  trenches  are  the  cover 
trenches  placed?  (1155) 

Describe  the  dugouts  used  by  the  troops  in  the  European  war.     (1156) 

What  is  the  purpose  of  communicating  trenches?      (1157) 

Draw  a  diagram  showing  the  plan  of  a  communicating  trench  and  explain 
why  it  is  laid  out  in  this  manner.  (1157) 

Draw  a  diagram  showing  a  cross  section  of  a  communicating  trench  giv- 
ing dimensions.  (1157) 

Discuss  lookouts,  giving  their  purpose  and  construction.     (1158) 

Describe  supporting  points,  giving  their  object,  location  and  construc- 
tion. (1159) 

Draw  a  diagram  showing  a  trench  system  to  include  the  following:  fire 
trench,  communicating  trench,  cover  trench,  positions  for  machine  guns, 
latrines,  dugouts  and  kitchens.  (1160) 

Usually  how  many  lines  of  fire  trenches  are  on  the  European  battle- 
fields? (1160) 

What  is  the  object  of  having  more  than  one  line  of  fire  trenches?   (1160) 

What  two  things  must  be  considered  in  locating  trenches?     (1161) 

What  does  the  tactical  situation  require  in  trenches?     (1161) 

In  locating  trenches  give  a  summary  of  the  advantages  and  disadvan- 
tages of  high  ground.  (1161) 

Give  a  summary  of  the  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  locating  trenches 
on  low  ground.  (1161) 

In  the  location  of  trenches  what  does  the  experience  of  the  European  war 
emphasize?  (1161) 

What  is  a  matter  of  great  importance  in  sitting  trenches?     (1161) 

Discuss  trenches  located  on  reverse  slopes.     (1161) 

In  locating  the  line  of  trenches  what  is  a  simple  method  of  selecting  the 
best  field  of  fire?  (1161) 

How  should  adjoining  fire  trenches  be  located  with  reference  to  one  an- 
other? (1161) 

Why  should  trenches  be  concealed?     (1162)  i 

Discuss  the  different  methods  of  concealing  trenches.     (1162) 

What  is  the  object  of  dummy  trenches  and  what  may  they  include? 
(1163) 

What  is  the  trench  space  allowed  one  man?     (1164) 

What  is  the  length  of  the  trench  for  one  squad  and  how  are  these  spaces 
separated?  (1164) 

Discuss  the  preparation  of  the  foreground.     (1165) 

What  is  meant  by  a  revetment?     (1166) 

Name  some  of  the  different  forms  of  revetment,  giving  a  common  form 
used  in  the  European  war.  (1166) 

What  methods  are  used  for  draining  trenches?     (1167) 

How  is  dry  standing  provided  in  the  trenches?      (1167) 

What  supply  of  water  per  man  is  required  in  the  trenches  and  how  is  it 
rendered  pure?  (1168) 

What  form  of  latrines  are  used  in  the  trenches  and  where  are  such  la- 
trines usually  placed?  (1169) 

Why  is  it  necessary  to  illuminate  the  foreground?     (1170) 

What  different  methods  are  employed  to  illuminate  the  foreground? 
(1170) 

How  should  the  illuminating  devices  be  placed  with  reference  to  the  de- 
fenders? (1170) 


50  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

Whatever  form  of  illumination  is  provided  what  conditions  must  it  with- 
stand? (1170) 

When  is  it  possible  to  establish  a  system  of  telephones  in  trenches? 
(1171) 

What  do  siege  works  comprise?     (1172) 


CHAPTER  XI 
OBSTACLES 

What  are  the  objects  in  placing  obstacles  in  front  of  trenches?     (1173) 

What  is  the  present  tendency  in  assigning  men  to  constant  occupancy  of 
the  first  line  trenches?  (1174) 

What  is  this  due  to?     (1174) 

What  does  the  aim  seem  to  be?     (1174) 

What  has  been  found  from  experience  in  the  European  war?     (1174) 

How  must  obstacles  be  located?     (1175) 

What  requirements  should  they  fulfill?     (1175) 

At  what  distance  should  they  be  placed  from  the  defender 's  trench  ? 
(1175) 

Care  must  be  taken  not  to  place  them  where?      (1175) 

In  how  many  lines  may  they  be  placed?      (1175) 

How  are  they  placed  so  as  not  to  betray  the  locations  of  the  trench? 
(1175) 

What  is  an  abatis  and  how  constructed?      (1176) 

How  are  they  most  conveniently  made  on  open  ground?     (1176) 

How  are  they  protected  from  artillery  fire?      (1176) 

What  is  slashing?     (1176) 

What  is  a  palisade  and  how  constructed?      (1177) 

If  defended  from  the  rear,  what  measures  are  necessary?     (1177) 

If  defended 'from  the  flank,  how  may  their  construction  differ?      (1177) 

What  makes  a  valuable  addition?     (1177) 

How  is  palisading  best  made?      (1177) 

How  are  they  planted?     (1177) 

How  can  their  stiffness  be  increased  and  time  saved  in  ramming?   (1177) 

What  is  a  f raise  and  how  is  it  constructed?     (1178) 

How  is  the  modern  and  better  form  made?     (1178) 

What  is  a  cheveaux  de  frise  and  how  constructed?     (1179) 

Where  are  they  most  useful?      (1179) 

Describe  a  formidable  obstacle  against  cavalry?      (1180) 

Of  what  is  a  wire  entanglement  composed  and  how  made?     (1181) 

Describe  the  low  wire  entanglement.      (1181) 

Where  is  it  especially  effective?     (1181) 

Why  is  it  the  most  generally  useful  of  all  obstacles?     (1181) 

How  much  low  or  high  wire  entanglement  can  one  man  make  per  hour? 
(1182) 

How  many  square  yards  of  low  or  high  entanglement  will  a  100  pound 
coil  of  smooth  wire  make?  (1182) 

How  can  an  ordinary  barbed  wire  fence  be  made  into  a  formidable  ob- 
stacle? (1183) 

Where  was  this  form  much  used  and  for  what  purpose?      (1183) 

How  is  it  used  in  this  way?      (1183) 

In  what  way  can  such  fences  be  constructed  so  as  to  give  an  automatic 
alarm?  (1183) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  51 

What  are  military  pits  or  trous  de  loup  and  how  are  they  usually  dug? 

(1184) 

What  is  a  barricade  and  of  what  is  it  usually  constructed?     (1185) 
How  does  backing  up   the   water   of  a   stream   form  a   good   obstacle? 

(1186) 

When  may  it  be  attempted  with  advantage?     (1186) 

When  local  conditions  permit,  what  should  always  be  done  to  the  ditch 

of  a  parapet?     (1186) 

What  kind  of  an  obstacle  is  very  simple  and  effective  in  front  of  an  out- 
guard  and  what  care  must  be  exercised  as  to  visibility  at  night?     (1187)* 
What  has  the  war  in  Europe  proven  about  wire  entanglements?     (1188) 
How  are  all  forms  of  obstacles  constructed  and  why?     (1188) 
What  methods  have  been  devised  for  placing    wire    entanglements    at 

night,  and  how  is  this  done?     (1188) 

Describe   the   triangular   pyramidal   entanglement   and   what   advantage 

does  it  afford?     (1188) 

What  has  been  found  to  be  the  more  convenient  way  to  handle  wire  used 

for  entanglements? 

What  kind  of  barbed  wire  has  been  found  to  be  much  more  effective 

than  the  commercial  barbed  wire?     (1188) 

If  wire  entanglements  are  electrified,  how  is  it  done?     (1188) 
What  two  forms  of  wire  cheveaux  de  frise  have  appeared?     (1189) 
How  is  each  type  used  and  what  advantages  does  each  offer?     (1189) 
What  has  been  found  necessary   concerning   obstacles   after   they   have 

been  placed?     (1190) 

What  has  been  found  as  one  of  the  best  methods  to  guard  obstacles? 

(1191) 

What  are  these  listening  posts?     (1191) 

To  what  are  they  connected  and  by  what  means?     (1191) 

How  is  the  enemy  prevented  from  securing  access  to  the  fire  trench? 

(1191) 

What  are  the  lookouts  for  and  what  have  they    been    able    to    detect? 

(1191) 

What  means  have  been  used  to  give  warning  of  attack  on  the  obstacles? 

(1192) 

What  use  has  been  made  of  search  lights?     (1193) 

CHAPTER  XII 
TRENCH  AND  MINE  WARFARE 

Into  what  three  general  classes  may  asphyxiating  gases  be  divided? 
(1194) 

Give  the  commonest  kinds  of  each  class  of  asphyxiating  gases.     (1194) 

Which  class  of  asphyxiating  gases  is  most  commonly  employed?   (1194) 

Discuss  the  different  methods  employed  in  liberating  the  asphyxiating 
gases.  (1194) 

Why  do  the  asphyxiating  gases  lie  close  to  the  ground  or  flow  into  the 
trenches?  (1194) 

Describe  the  best  protection  against  the  asphyxiating  gases.     (1195) 

Give  the  favorable  and  unfavorable  conditions  for  'gas  attacks.      (1195) 

How  is  liquid  fire  used  in  warfare?     (1196) 

In  case  the  oil  in  a  liquid  fire  attack  should  go  out  how  may  it  be  ig- 
nited? (1196) 

Describe  the  method  that  may  be  employed  bv  the  defense  in  using  oil? 
(1196) 


52  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TEAINING 

Grenades  and  Bombs 

What  are  grenades  and  bombs?     (1197) 

What  methods  are  used  for  throwing  bombs  and  grenades?     (1197) 

Describe  the  hand  grenade.     (1198) 

Name  and  describe  three  method's  of  discharging  hand  grenades.   (1198) 

Draw  a  diagram  showing  the  construction  of  one  form  of  hand  grenade. 
(1198) 

How  may  grenades  be  thrown  other  than  by  hand?     (1199) 

What  is  the  aerial  mine  and  how  is  it  fired?     (1200) 

Describe  the  winged  torpedo.     (1201) 

What  very  effective  use  is  made  of  the  aerial  mine  and  the  winged  tor- 
pedo? (1201) 

Describe  one  form  of  bomb  that  is  dropped  from  aircraft.     (1202) 

How  may  trenches  be  protected  against  hand  grenades  and  what  particu- 
lar kind  of  trench  is  it  most  satisfactory  for?  (1203) 

Describe  the  '  < tank. ' '     (1204) 

How  are  " tanks "  armed?     (1204) 

Where  are  " tanks "  of  value  in  warfare?     (1204) 

What  kind  of  fire  will  put  "tanks"  out  of  action?     (1204) 

What  is  the  object  of  the  steel  helmet?     (1205) 

What  effect  has  the  helmet  had  upon  the  percentage  of  head  wounds? 
(1205) 

Discuss  the  degree  of  protection  afforded  by  helmets.     (1205) 

Describe  the  steel  mask  and  give  its  purpose.     (1206) 

Describe  a  simple  periscope.     (1207) 

Of  what  value  is  the  periscope  in  war?     (1207) 

What  is  the  sniperscope?     (1208) 

Give  two  methods  by  which  rifles  may  be  sighted  at  night.     (1ZU9) 

What  is  military  mining  and  when  is  it  used?     (1210) 

What  is  the  aim  in  mine  warfare?     (1210) 

Discuss  countermining.     (1211) 

CHAPTER  XIII 
MARCHES 

(Based  on  Infantry  Drill  Eegulations  and  Field  Service  Eegulations) 

What  is  the  principal  occupation  of  troops  in  campaign?     (1212) 

What  do  marches  cause?     (1212) 

How  may  this  loss  be  materially  reduced?     (1212) 

How  can  infantry  be  accustomed  to  the  fatigue  of  bearing  arms  and 
equipment?  (1213) 

Describe  the  process  of  hardening  new  or  untrained  troops. 

How  should  a  long  distance  with  untrained  troops  be  covered? 

What  is  a  successful  march?     (1215) 

What  must   all   officers   and  noncommissioned  officers   do  to   J 
troops  reach  their  destination  in  good  physical  condition,  "ready  for 

What  instructions  must  the  commander  give  to  insure  that  the  necessary 
preparations  are  made?  (1216) 

For  what  is  every  organization  commander  responsible!?  ( 
Give  the  invariable  rule  for  the  filling  of  canteens?  (1218) 
When  should  marches  begin?  (1219) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  53 

Upon  what  does  the  exact  hour  for  the  start  depend?     (1219) 
What  is  the  rule  for  foot  troops;  for  mounted  troops?     (1219) 
When  is  a  start  earlier  than  usual  made?     (1219) 
Why  should  night  marching  be  avoided,  if  possible?     (1219) 
What  does  the  rate  of  march  vary  with?     (1220) 

What  is  most  important  as  regards  the  rate  of  marching  and  why? 
(1220) 

Who  regulates  the  rate  of  march?     (1220) 
Why  does  he  regulate  it?     (1220) 

On  the  march  of  several  days7  duration,  how  do  the  positions  of  com- 
panies change?  (1220) 

What  is  the  rate  for  trained  troops,  in  commands  of  a  regiment  or  less, 
marching  over  average  roads?  (1220) 

What  is  the  rate  for  larger  commands?     (1220) 

How  does  hot,  sultry  weather  with  the  men  carrying  the  full  pack,  in- 
fluence the  rate  of  march?  (1220) 

What  considerations  should  be  constantly  borne  in  mind  by  the  officers 
in  command  of  the  column?  (1220) 

What  should  be  considered  in  indicating  the  number  of  steps  to  be  taken 
per  minute?  (1220) 

What  is  the  average  marching  capacity  of  infantry?     (1221) 
In  extensive  operations  involving  large  bodies  of  troops,  what  is  the  aver- 
age a  day?     (1221) 

What  distance  can  small  commands  of  seasoned  infantry,  marching  on 
good  roads  in  cool  weather,  average  a  day?     (1221) 
When  is  the  first  halt  made  on  a  march?     (1222) 
How  long  is  this  halt  and  what  is  the  purpose  of  it?     (1222) 
What  additional  halts  are  made  and  for  what  periods?     (1222) 
How  should  the  number  and  length  of  halts  vary?     (1222) 
How  are  the  best  results  often  obtained  in  the  tropics?     (1222) 
What  should  be  done  when  the  day's  march  will  run  well  into  the  after- 
noon?    (1222) 

How  should  places  for  long  halts  be  selected?     (1222) 
When  only  should  halts  be  made  in  or  near  towns  or  villages?     (1222) 
When  halts  are  so  made,  how  are  supplies  or  water  obtained?     (1222) 
When  a   damaged  bridge  is  encountered,  what  information  is  sent  to 
troops  in  rear?     (1223) 

How  do  the  troops  in  rear  then  conduct  themselves?     (1223) 
What  precaution  is  taken  in  ascending  or  descending  steep  slopes,  cross- 
ing streams  or  other  obstacles,  or  when  passing  through  defiles  requiring  a 
reduction  of  front?     (1223) 

If  distances  are  not  sufficient  to  prevent  check,  what  is  done?     (1223) 
How  does  a  company  unit  conduct  itself  if  delayed  while  crossing  an 
obstacle?     (1223) 

What  must  be  done  before  an  attempt  is  made  to  cross  fords,  boggy 
places,  bridges  of  doubtful  character,  ice,  etc.,  with  bodies  of  troops? 
(1223) 

How  must  troops  never  cross  a  bridge?     (1223) 

If  mounted  and  dismounted  men  ford  a  deep  stream  with  a  swift  cur- 
rent, at  the  same  time,  how  is  it  done?  (1223) 

How  are  different  fords  crossed,  and  why?     (1223) 

How  is  the  marching  efficiency  of  an  organization  judged?     (1224) 

How  is  undue  elongation  and  straggling  prevented?     (1224) 

What  is  done  if  there  is  only  one  officer  with  a  company?     (1224) 


54  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  .OF  MILITARY  TBAINING 

What   is   the   rule   governing   men   falling   out   on   account   of   sickness? 

(1224) 

Whose  duty  is  it  to  prevent  straggling  and  elongation  of  the  column? 
(1224) 

What  is  a  forced  march?     (1225) 

When  only  should  forced  marches  be  undertaken  and  why?     (1225) 

How  are  such  marches  generally  made?      (1225) 

Why  are  night  marches  generally  made?      (1226) 

When  made  in  very  hot  weather  what  is  the  purpose?      (1226) 

What  factors  are  favorable  for  night  marches?      (1226) 

Give  the  precautions  that  must  be  taken?     (1226) 

When  should  guides  be  secured  and  what  is  their  duty?     (1226) 

What  is  done  when  units  can  not  be  kept  well  closed?     (1226) 

What  is  not  permitted  when  in  hostile  territory?      (1226) 

When  are  villages  and  farmhouses  avoided,  and  why?     (1226) 

Why  are  night  marches  never  undertaken  without  good  reason?   (1226) 

Give  the  rule  for  the  paying  of  compliments  by  troops  on  the  march. 

How  is  protection  on  the  march  furnished?     (1228) 

What  can  be  said  of  the  importance  of  paying  special  attention  to  the 
fitting  of  shoes  and  the  care  of  feet  of  each  soldier?  (1229) 

State  the  rule  for  the  care  of  the  feet  and  the  measures  which  will  pre- 
vent sore  feet?  (1229) 

How  are  blistered  feet  treated  and  how  can  considerable  relief  be  ob- 
tained in  case  of  sore  or  blistered  feet?  (1229) 

What  has  the  old  soldier  learned  from  long  experience  in  marching,  as  to 
the  wearing  of  his  socks?  (1229) 

What  should  a  soldier  starting  on  a  march  never  do  under  any  circum- 
stances? (1229) 

What  should  be  remembered  regarding  the  preventing  of  sore  feet? 
(1229) 

Give  the  requirements  regarding  the  number  and  kind  of  shoes  each  sol- 
dier should  have  on  hand  at  all  times?  (1229) 

CHAPTER  XIV 
CAMPS 

What  are  the  basic  principles  that  govern  in  the  selection  of  camp  sites? 

(1230) 

Name  the  conditions  that  are  desirable  for  camp  sites.     (1231) 

Give  the   conditions   that  render  localities   undesirable   for   camp   sites 

(1232) 

Upon  what  do  the  form  and  dimensions  of  camps  depend?     (1233) 
Camps  of  all  sizes  should  as  far  as  possible  conform  to  what  principles 

regarding  arrangement?      (1233) 

When  may  it  become  necessary  to  contract  camp  areas?     (1233) 

If  tactical  reasons  permit,  what  advantages  are  secured  by  the  selection 

of  an  adequate  camp  area?     (1233) 

Who  usually  selects  the  camp  site  and  what  does  he  do?     (1234) 
What  should  be  done  after  the  companies  reach  their  proper  positions  in 

camp  and  before  ranks  are  broken?     (1234) 

What  should  be  done  before  the  men  are  allowed  to  go  around?     (1234) 
When  should  sentinels  be  posted  over  the  water  supply?     (1234) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  55 

As  soon  as  the  tents  have  been  pitched  what  should  the  commanding  offi- 
cer do?  (1234) 

Should  the  troops  reach  camp  before  the  wagons,  what  may  the  com- 
panies do?  (1234) 

Until  when  should  110  one  be  allowed  to  leave  camp?     (1234) 

When  should  sick  call  be  held?     (1234) 

How  should  retreat  formation  always  be  held  in  camp?     (1235) 

What  should  there  be  in  front  of  every  camp  of  a  permanent  nature? 
(1236) 

In  camping  for  the  night  on  a  fordable  stream  that  is  to  be  crossed, 
when  should  you  cross  the  stream  and  why?  (1237) 

Is  there  an  exception  to  this  rule?     (1237) 

Whenever  windstorms  are  expected  what  should  be  done?      (1238) 

How  may  tents  be  prevented  from  blowing  down?      (1238) 

How  may  tent  poles  or  pegs  be  made  fast  in  loose  or  sandy  soil?     (1239) 

When  the  soil  is  so  loose  that  the  pegs  will  not  hold  at  all,  what  is  done? 
(1239) 

What  care  should  be  exercised  in  pitching  tents  near  trees?     (1240) 

CHAPTER  XV 
CAMP  SANITATION 

What  is  meant  by  camp  sanitation?      (1241) 

What  do  these  measures  comprise?      (1241) 

"Camp  expedients"  is  the  name  given  to  what  means  and  how  are  such 
measures  employed?  (1242) 

When  are  latrines  dug?      (1243) 

Who  determines  the  location  of  latrines?      (1243) 

What  considerations  must  be  observed  in  their  location?     (1243) 

Where  are  latrines  always  located?      (1243) 

How  many  latrines  are  generally  provided?      (1243) 

In  camps  of  one  night  only  what  kind  of  trenches  suffice?      (1243) 

In  camps  of  longer  duration  and  when  it  is  not  possible  to  provide  la- 
trine boxes,  what  kind  of  trenches  should  be  dug?  (1243) 

Give  a  description  of  the  type  used  in  more  permanent  camps.     (1243) 

What  is  done  each  day  with  the  latrine  boxes?     (1243) 

When  are  latrines  discarded?     (1243) 

When  are  latrines  filled?     (1243) 

How  and  of  what  are  urinal  troughs  made?      (1243) 

When  and  how  are  urinal  tubs  used?      (1245) 

How  are  camp  kettles  used?      (1245) 

If  a  greater  economy  of  fuel  must  be  effected  how  can  it  be  secured? 
(1245) 

How  can  the  draft  be  improved?     (1245) 

What  type  of  trench  will  provide  draft  no  matter  what  direction  the 
wind  is  from?  (1245) 

How  can  drainage  be  secured?      (1245) 

How  can  the  lack  of  portable  ovens  be  met?      (1245) 

How  can  clay  banks  be  utilized?     (1245) 

From  what  must  food  be  protected?      (1245) 

What  is  done  with  solid  refuse?      (1245) 

In  temporary  camps,  with  porous  soil,  how  can  liquid  refuse  be  disposed 
of?  (1245) 

In  what  kind  of  soil  will  seepage  pits  not  operate  successfully?     (1245) 


56  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

When  should  all  pits  be  filled-  with  earth?     (1245) 

precautionar^  measm>e  is  taken  against  setting  the  camp  on  fire? 

In  case  of  fire  in  camp  what  means  are  used  to  beat  it  out?     (1245) 
What  is  done  to  dispose  of  liquid  refuse  from  the  kitchen?     (1246) 
How  is  solid  refuse  disposed  of?     (1246) 
How  are  flies  excluded  from  kitchen  pits?     (1246) 
When  are  pits  filled  with  earth?     (1246) 
Describe  a  good  type  of  incineration  pit  for  the  disposal  of  camp  waste, 
offal,  tin  cans  and  dish  water.     (1247) 


Why  is  the  occupation  of  an  old  camp  site  dangerous?     (1249) 
How  can  bunks  be  constructed?     (1251) 
What  should  be  done  with  fire  wood?     (1252) 
When  must  camp  sites  be  changed  promptly?     (1250) 
When  is  a  change  of  camp  site  often  desirable?     (1250) 
cam1  ?Wa(gl°2n52)are  heavilj  loaded  how  can  dr^  wood  be  obtained  at  the  next 

What  should  always  be  taken  to  prevent  the  contamination  of  the  water 
supply? 


(1253  ?m  What  tr°°pS  and  When  is  a  guard  Placed  over  the  water  supply? 

If  the  water  is  obtained  from  a  stream  how  should  the  places  for  fretting 
water  be  designated?  (1253) 

Where  should  the  first  designated  place  be?     (1253) 

Where  should  the  others  be  and  in  what  order?     (1253) 

Where  two  bodies  of  troops  are  to  camp  011  the  same  stream  what  ar- 
rangement must  be  made  so  that  one  will  not  pollute  the  water  to  be  used  by 
the  other?  (1253) 

If  the  stream  is  small  how  may  the  water  supply  be  increased?     (1253) 

How  may  a  small  spring  be  utilized?     (1253) 

How  is  water  that  is  not  known  to  be  pure,  made  pure?     (1253) 

What  arrangements  should  be  made  for  men  to  draw  water  from  the 
authorized  receptacles?  (1253) 

What  should  always  be  prohibited?     (1253) 

What  is  the  easiest  and  surest  way  to  sterilize  the  water  in  the  field? 
(1253) 

How  is  it  aerated  and  filtered?     (1253) 

What  should  be  done  with  boiled  water  to  make  it  palatable?     (1253) 

What  does  filtration  do  to  water?     (1253) 

What  does  it  not  do?     (1253) 

Give  several  simple  methods  of  filtration.     (1253) 

What  is  the  amount  of  water  used  daily  for  each  man  and  animal? 
(1253) 

Where  should  men  not  lie?     (1254) 

How  can  they  avoid  lying  on  damp  ground?     (1254) 

When  troops  are  to  remain  in  camp  for  some  time  what  provisions  are 
made  for  their  comfort  and  that  of  the  animals?  (1254) 

What  police  measures  are  made  daily?     (1254) 

From  what  must  food  be  protected?     (1254) 

By  what  under  no  circumstances  must  the  company  street  or  any  other 
part  of  the  camp  grounds  be  defiled?  (1254) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  57 

When  an  open  trench  is  used  as  a  sink  what  must  each  individual  do? 
(1254) 

If  the  sink  is  inclosed  by  a  box  with  stool  covers  how  should  the  covers 
bo  constructed  and  why?     (1254) 

What  is  done  with  kitchen  garbage?     (1254) 
How  and  why  should  cans  be  protected  from  flies?     (1254) 
Where  only  is  it  permitted  to  ride  horses  through  camp?      (1254) 
As  soon  as  a  tent  is  pitched  what  should  be  done?     (1254) 
When  it  rains  what  must  be  done  to  the  guy  ropes  and  why?     (1254) 
How  often  should  the  body  and  clothes  be  cleaned?     (1254) 
What  is  done  the  first  thing  in  the  morning?      (1254) 
In  the  continued  absence  of  opportunity  for  bathing  what  is  it  well  to 
do? 

If  the  lack  of  opportunity  to  wash  clothes  continues  for  any  length  of 
time  what  is  done  with  them?     (1254) 

If  there  are  mosquitoes  in  camp  what  must  men  asleep,  on  guard  or  other 
duty  do?     (1254) 

If  in  a  malarial  country,  what  precaution  is  taken  daily?     (1254) 
If  in  a  locality  where  a  pernicious  form  of  malaria  prevails,  what  pre- 
cautions are  taken?     (1254) 

In  the  tropics  troops  are  required  to  camp  how  far  away  from  all  na- 
tive huts  or  villages  and  why?     (1254) 

Why  are  men  prohibited  from  visiting  such  places  at  night?     (1254) 

What  is  done  with  the  mess  kit  after  each  meal?     (1254) 

What  must  the  company  cooks  do?     (1254) 

What  are  most  important  to  preserve  health?     (1254) 

How  can  this  be  secured?     (1254) 

How  should  a  soldier  always  look  upon  his  camp?     (1255) 

CHAPTER  XVI 
INDIVIDUAL  COOKING 

What  often  happens  in  campaign  regarding  the  proper  cooking  utensils? 
(1256) 

What  must  be  done  in  such  a  case?      (1256) 

If  food  is  not  properly  cooked,  what  trouble  will  result?     (1256) 
What  should  every  soldier  learn  to  do  in  his  mess  kit?     (1256) 
What  kind  of  a  fire  is  best  for  cooking?     (1257) 
How  can  such  a  fire  be  made?     (1257) 

What  method  will,  as  a  rule,  be  necessary  in  rocky  or  stony  ground? 
(1257) 

How  are  the  following  articles  of  food  prepared : 

Fried  bacon?     (1259) 

Fried  fresh  meat?     (1260) 

Broiled  fresh  meat?     (1261) 

Stewed  fresh  meat?     (1262) 

Fried  potatoes?     (1263) 

Fried   onions?     (1264) 

Boiled  potatoes?     (1265) 

Baked  potatoes?     (1266) 

Rice?     (1267) 

Canned  tomatoes?     (1268) 

Flapjack?     (1269) 

Hoecake?     (1270) 


58  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TEAINING 

Coffee?     (1271) 
Tea?     (1272) 
Cocoa?     (1273) 
Chocolate?     (1274) 

Where  can  detailed  instructions  be  found  as  to  the  manner  of  preparing 
the  emergency  ration?  (1275) 

What  is  it  well  to  remember  so.  as  to  make  the  emergency  ration  more 
palatable?  (1275) 

When  it  becomes  evident  that  the  emergency  ration  must  be  consumed, 
what  measures  should  be  taken  and  why?  (1275) 

CHAPTER  XVII 
CARE  AND  PRESERVATION  OF  CLOTHING  AND  EQUIPMENT 

What  is  a  soldier  's  duty  in  respect  to  the  clothing  issued  to  him  by  the 
government?  (1276) 

To  what  is  a  soldier  who  neglects  or  loses  his  clothes  liable?     (1276) 

Clothing 

What  is  said  of  brushing  clothes?      (1277) 

What  is  the  value  of  pressing  clothes  and  how  often  should  this  be  done? 
(1276) 

How  are  chevrons,  stripes,  and  leggins  cleaned?      (1279-1280) 

What  care  do  hats  and  caps  require?     (1281) 

For  what  formations  should  a  soldier  set  aside  his  best  suit  of  clothes? 
(1282) 

What  care  should  be  exercised  in  putting  clothing  away?      (1283) 

Discuss  the  removing  of  grease  spots?      (1285) 

How  may  rust  or  ink  spots  be  removed?      (1286) 

What  is  said  of  sweat  stains?      (1287) 

What  causes  the  shine  on  clothes  and  how  may  it  be  removed?     (1288) 

Discuss  the  removal  of  grease  spots  and  stains  from  the  white  stripes 
on  trousers.  (1289) 

How  may  paint  spots  b£  removed  from  clothing?      (1290) 

How  are  gilt  ornaments  kept  in  proper  condition?      (1291) 

Shoes 

Discuss  the  general  care  of  shoes.      (1292) 

Give  in  detail  the  points  that  should  be  observed  in  selecting  a  sho 

fit  your  foot.      (1293) 

What  injuries  are  caused  to  the  foot  by  ill  fitting  shoes?     (1293) 
What  part  of  the  shoe  should  always  be  kept  in  repair  and'wfey?     (1294) 
What  is  needed  to  keep  shoe  leather  soft  and  pliable?     (1295) 
What  is  the  best  substitute  for  a  good  shoe  dressing?     (1295) 
What  kinds  of  dressing  should  be  avoided  for  shoes?      (1295) 
What  injury  to  shoes  is  caused  by  perspiration  and  how  may  this 

avoided?      (1296) 

Describe  the  injury  caused  by  drying  wet  shoes  by  too  great  a  heat? 

(1297) 

After  drying  shoes,  what  should  be  done?      (1297) 

Give  a  good  method  of  drying  shoes.      (1297) 

How  may  old  dressing  be  removed  from  shoes?      (1298) 

How  should  russet  leather  be  cared  for?     (1299) 

Give  directions  for  applying  liquid  dressing  to  shoes?      (1300) 


1294) 

his  be 
heat? 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRATNTXC  59 

Equipment 

Ordinarily  what  will  suffice  to  keep  cloth  equipment  clean?     (1301) 
When   cloth  equipment  becomes  soiled  or  dirty,  what  should  be   done? 

(1302) 

What  kind  of  soap  should  be  used  in  washing  cloth  equipment1?     (1303) 

Before  washing  cloth  equipment,  what  should  be  done?     (1303) 

Explain  the  actual  washing  and  drying  of  cloth  equipment.      (1303) 

How  is  the  shelter  tent  cleaned?     (1304) 

Discuss  the  care  of  the  knife,  fork  and  spoon.      (1304-1306) 

How  is  the  meat  can  kept  in  good  condition  and  repair?     (1307) 

What  care  should  be  taken  of  the  bacon  can?     (1308) 

How  are  the  condiment  can  and  cup  kept  in  good  condition?     (1309- 

1310) 

When  must  especial  care  be  taken  to  wash  out  the  canteen?     (1311) 
How  may  the  blade  and  handle  of  the  pick  mattock  be  repaired?     (1312) 
What  use  should  never  be  made  of  the  shovel?     (1313) 
What  care  should  be  taken  of  metal  parts  of  entrenching  tools?     (1313) 

Leather  Equipment 

Why  is  the  care  of  leather  equipment  most  important?     (1314) 
What  two  agents  are  necessary  to  the  proper  cleaning  of  leather?   (1315) 
What  cleaning  and  what  oiling  agents  are  issued  by  the  Ordnance  De- 
partment and  what  is  the  function  of  each?     (1315) 
What  daily  care  should  be  given  leather?     (1316) 
How  often  should  leather  be  thoroughly  cleaned?      (1316) 
Describe  the  different  steps  that  must  be  taken  in  thoroughly  cleaning 
leather.     (1316) 

Discuss  the  oiling  of  leather  equipment.      (1317) 
Why  is  it  important  to  oil  new  equipment?      (1318) 
Give  the  general  directions  that  should  be  followed  in  applying  oil  to 
leather  equipment.      (1319) 

Name  five  points  to  be  remembered  in  the  care  and  cleaning  of  leather 
equipment.  (1320) 

CHAPTER  XVIII 
CAEE  AND  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  RIFLE 

What  should  be  the  soldier's  first  thought?     (1321) 

What  fact  is  generally  recognized  in  connection  with  rifles  becoming  un- 
serviceable? (1321) 

Why  is  the  bore  of  the  rifle  manufactured  with  the  greatest  care? 
(1322) 

What  does  the  proper  care  of  the  bore  require  and  in  what  way  does  it 
pay?  (1322) 

How  must  the  bore  always  be  cleaned  with  the  cleaning  rod?     (1323) 

What  is  cleaning"  from  the  muzzle  liable  to  cause?     (1323) 

What  is  the  first  step  in  cleaning  the  rifle?      (1323) 

Where  should  the  muzzle  never  be  placed?      (1323) 

What  kind  of  patches  are  used  to  clean  the  bore?     (1323) 

What  does  the  care  of  the  bore  consist  off      (1324) 

What  kinds  of  fouling  result  from  firing?      (1325) 

What  does  the  powder  fouling  cause?      (1325) 

What  may  the  metal  fouling  cover,  and  when  does  it  reduce  the  accuracy 
of  the  rifle?  (1325) 


60  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TRAINING 

How  may  the  powder  fouling  be  removed?     (1326) 

What  must  be  done  before  we  are  sure  that  all  powder  fouling  has  been 
removed?  (1326) 

How  is  metal  fouling  removed  ordinarily  after  firing  a  barrel  in  good 
condition?  (1326) 

What  steps  are  taken  to  remove  the  metal  fouling  after  the  bore  has  been 
scrubbed  out  with  the  soda  solution?  (1327) 

What  are  the  successive  steps  to  follow  in  cleaning  the  bore  after  firing? 
(1328) 

What  is  done  on  the  following  day  as  a  measure  of  safety?     (1328) 

Why  must  every  effort  be  made  to  prevent  the  formation  of  pits? 
(1329) 

How  is  the  barrel  cleaned  when  the  swabbing  solutions  or  standard  metal 
fouling  solution  is  not  available?  (1329) 

What  is  the  proper  method  of  oiling  a  barrel?     (1330) 

Why  is  the  chamber  of  the  rifle  often  neglected?     (1331) 

What  may  a  roughened  chamber  cause?     (1331) 

How  is  the^bolt  cleaned?     (1332) 

How  should  the  front  and  rear  sight  be  cared  for?      (1333) 

What  results  if  the  sights  are  injured?     (1332) 

How  should  the  magazine  be  kept?     (1333) 

What  treatment  should  the  stock  receive?     (1334) 

How  is  the  mechanism  cared  for  when  the  rifle  has  been  wet  or  exposed 
to  unfavorable  climatic  conditions?  .  (1336) 

What  should  be  habitually  done  to  all  working  parts?     (1336) 

How  are  all  metal  parts  of  the  rifle  kept?     (1337) 

How  must  all  cams  and  bearings  be  constantly  kept?     (1338) 

What  is  the  proper  way  to  apply  oil?     (1339) 

Remember 

What  is  easier  to  prevent  than  to  remove? (1340) 
How  can  you  remove  rust?     (1340) 
What  must  never  be  used  in  removing  rust?     (1340) 
What  will  prevent  rust  and  dirt  in  the  bore?     (1340) 
What  should  never  be  done  with  a  rifle  that  has  been  fired  or  exposed  to 
bad  weather?     (1340) 

Where  should  you  never  lay  your  rifle,  and  why?     (1340) 


Army  Regulations  Regarding  the  Rifle 

Are  enlisted  men  allowed  to  take  their  arms  apart?     (1341) 
Is  the  polishing  of  blued  and  browned  parts  permitted?     (1341) 
Is  the  use  of  tompions  in  small  arms  permitted?     (1341) 
Should  pieces  be  unloaded  before  being  taken  to    quarters    or    tents? 

(1341) 

Should  a  loaded  or  unloaded  rifle  or  revolver  ever  be  pointed  at  anyone 

in  play?     (1341) 

Why  is  it  most  important  that  the  soldier  be  thoroughly  familiar  with 

the  use  of  the  different  parts  of  the  rear-sight  leaf,  drift  slide  and  wind 

gauge?     (1343) 

How  is  the  rear-sight  leaf  graduated?     (1343) 

What  divisions  do  the  lines  that  extend  the  whole  way  across  the  two 

branches  of  the  leaf,  mark;   those  that  extend  half  way  across;   and   tlu 

shorter  lines?      (1343) 

What  do  even  numbers  on  the  left  branch  indicate?     (1343) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING           61 

What  do  the  odd  numbers  on  the  right  branch  indicate?     (1343) 
How  do  you  know  to  which  line  the  numbers  refer?     (1343) 
What  are  the  range  limits  with  the  fly  leaf  up  using  peep  hole.  <(K"; 
using  lower  peep  notch,  "J";  and  upper  peep  notch,  "G'"%     (13-13) 
When  the  peep  hole  sight  is  used  how  is  the  sight  set?     (1343) 
When  the  peep  notch,  " J"  is  used  how  is  the  sight  set?     (Iol3) 
When  the  peep  notch,  "G"  is  used  how  is  the  sight  set?     (1343) 
At  what  range  is  sighting  notch  "A"  used?     (1343) 
What  is  meant  by  battle  sight?     (1343) 
To  what  sight  setting  does  it  correspond?     (1343) 
What  sight  is  used  in  rapid  fire?     (1343) 

What  side  has  a  great  advantage  over  the  other  in  unexpected,  close  en- 
counters?    (1343) 


62  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

PART  IV 
RIFLE  TRAINING  AND  INSTRUCTION 

What  is  the  object  of  the  system  of  rifle  training  employed  in  our  army? 
(1344) 

How  are  individuals  trained  to  make  hits  in  battle  instead  of  misses? 
(1345) 

What  effort  is  made  in  training  a  soldier  in  shooting?     (1345) 

What  are  the  three   main  phases   or  stages   of  individual   instruction? 
(1345) 

What  are  the  preliminary  drills  and  what  do  they  teach  the  soldier? 
(1345) 

What  is  the  soldier  shown  in  gallery  practice?     (1345) 

What  may  this  practice  be  called?     (1345) 

What  important  transition  does  the  soldier's  training  undergo  in  gal- 
lery practice?     (1345) 

Having  finished  his  gallery  practice  what  is  the  third  stage  in  the  pre- 
liminary instruction  of  the  soldier?     (1345) 

On  the  range  what  does  the  soldier  put  into  actual  practice?     (1345) 

What  other  subjects  should  a  soldier  be  instructed  in  to  round  out  and 
complete  his  skill  in  marksmanship?     (1346) 

What  does  collective  training  and  instruction  in  rifle  firing  accomplish? 
(1347) 

What  is  this  collective  training  in  rifle  practice  called?      (1347) 

'Give  an  outline  of  the  program  of  individual  instruction  in  rifle  train- 
ing.    (1348) 

Individual  Instruction 

Name  and  describe  the  path  of  a  bullet  through  the  air.     (1349) 
What  forces  cause  the  path  of  a  bullet  to  be  curved?     (1349) 
What  two  sights  are  provided  for  the  rifle  and  what  is  their  purpose? 
(1350) 

What  is  aiming  and  what  is  accomplished  when  a  perfect  aim  is  taken 
and  the  trigger  pulled?     (1350) 

What  effect  on  the  rifle  in  aiming  has   tltfh  raising  of  the  rear  sight? 
(1350) 

What  is  meant  by  the  open  sight?     (1352) 

Describe  how  to  take  a  correct  sight  with  the  open  sight  drawing  a  dia- 
gram to  illustrate  this.      (1352) 

What  is  meant  by  the  peep  sight?      (1352) 

Describe  how  to  take  a  correct  sight  with  the  peep  sight.      (1352) 
Draw  a  diagram  showing  a  correct  and  an  incorrect  use  of  the  peep 
sight.     (1352) 

What  is  the  disadvantage  of  the  peep  sight?     (1352) 
What  is  meant  by  the  battle  sight  and  when  is  it  used?     (1352) 
What  sight  setting  is  the  battle  sight  equivalent  to?     (1352) 
How  must  you  aim  with  the  battle  sight  at  objects  under  530  yards? 
(1352) 

What  is  meant  by  normal  sight  and  what  does  this  insure/      (1353) 
Illustrate  the  normal  sight  by  diagrams.      (1353) 

What  is  meant  by  fine  sight  and  full  sight  and  why  should  the  use  of 
these  sights  be  avoided?     (1353) 

Illustrate  the  fine  and  full  sight  by  diagram.     (1353) 
What  should  the  rifleman  be  looking  at  when  he  fires  his  piece  ami  win- 
is  this  necessary?     (1354) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  63 

Sighting  Drills 

What  do  the  sighting  position  and  aiming  drills  accomplish?      (1353) 
What  are  the  objects  of  the  sighting  drills?      (1356) 
How  may  a  simple  sighting  rest  for  the  rifle  be  made?      (1356) 
In  addition  to  the  sighting  rest  for  the  rifle  what  is  necessary  to  com- 
plete the  equipment  for  teaching  sighting?      (1356) 

How  far  is  the  paper  placed  from  the  sighting  rest?      (1356) 
Having  the  rifle  in  the  rest  and  a  soldier  ready  to  move  the  bull's  eye 
mark  how  is  the  sighting  exercise  conducted?      (1356) 

What  should  the  point  of  aim  be  in  these  exercises  and  why  is  this  point 
chosen?  (1357) 

Describe  the  first  sighting  exercise.      (1358) 
Describe  the  second  sighting  exercise,      (1358) 

Draw  triangles  to  illustrate  the  result  of  taking  different  amounts  of 
front  sight ;  correct  amount  of  front  sight  but  not  centering  the  sight  in  the 
notch ;  taking  different  amounts  of  front  sight  and  not  centering  the  sight 
in  the  notch.  (1359) 

How  may  the  instructor  verify  the  sighting  after  a  good  triangle  has 
been  made?  (1360) 

In  verifying  the  sight  if  the  bull 's  eye  is  in  the  following  positions  what 
error  has  been  made  in  sighting;  directly  above  its  proper  position;  directly 
below  its  proper  position;  to  the  right  or  left  of  its  proper  position;  diag- 
onally above  and  to  the  right  of  its  proper  position?      (1361) 
What  is  the  object  of  the  third  sighting  exercise?     (1362) 
What  is  the  effect  of  canting  the  piece  to  the  right?     (1362) 
Describe  how  the  effect  of  canting  the  piece  may  be  shown.      (1362) 
What  is  the  object  of  the  fourth  sighting  exercise?      (1363) 
What  is  the  fifth  sighting  exercise  intended  to  illustrate?      (1364) 
Describe  the  fifth  sighting  exercise.      (1365) 

Position  and  Aiming  Drills 

What  are  the  objects  of  the  position  and  aiming  drills?     (1365) 

What  is  one  of  the  chief  causes  for  bad  shooting  and  how  may  this  be 

corrected?      (1365) 

In  the  position  and  aiming  drills  why  is  the  rear    sight    leaf    always 

raised?      (1366) 

How  is  the  squad  formed  for  position  and  aiming  drills?      (1366) 
The  squad  being  ready  what  does  the  instructor  caution  before  giving 

the  command  for  any  one  of  the  position  and  aiming  drills?      (1366) 

How  may  a  position  and  aiming  exercise  once  begun  be  repeated?   (1366) 
What  command  is  given  to  stop  an  exercise  in  position  and  aiming:  drill? 

(1366) 

How  long  should  position  and  aiming  drills  last  and  what  is  said  about 

correcting  men?      (1366) 

Give  the  commands  for  and  describe  "Position  Exercise. "     (1367) 
What  points  should  the  instructor  note  and  correct  in  the  position  exer- 
cise?    (1367) 

Give  the  commands  for  and  describe  "Aiming  Exercise."      (1368) 
Whatever  the  position  assumed  in  aiming  exercise  how  should  the  piece 

rest  on  the  left  handfx    (1369) 

In  what  two  ways  may  the  eye  be  brought  into  the  line  of  sight  and 

which  js  considered  best  for  shooting?      (1369) 

Why  should  changes  of  elevation  be  used  in  the  aiming  exercise?   (1369) 
What  is  the  effect  of  holding  the  breath  too  long  in  aiming?     (1369) 


64  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TEAINING 

Give  the  commands  for  and  describe  "Trigger-Squeeze  Exercise/' 
(1370) 

What  is  poor  shooting  often  the  result  of?     (1370) 

What  will  trigger-squeeze  exercise  teach  a  soldier  with  regard  to  com- 
bining his  breathing,  aiming,  and  trigger-squeezing?  (1370) 

Describe  how  the  trigger  should  be  squeezed?     (1371) 

What  is  the  object  of  the  "Bapid  Fire  Exercise77?     (1372) 

Give  the  commands  for  and  describe  the  Eapid  Fire  Exercise.     (1372) 

Why  should  a  recruit  not  be  given  the  rapid  fire  exercise  until  he  has 
been  thoroughly  drilled  in  the  exercises  preceding  it?  (1373) 

When  should  the  recruit  be  made  to  repeat  the  rapid  fire  exercise? 
(1374) 

What  is  the  best  method  of  holding  the  piece  while  operating  the  breech 
mechanism?  (1375) 

What  change  is  required  in  the  position  and  aiming  drills  when  executed 
in  the  kneeling  position?  (1376) 

Give  several  errors  that  may  occur  that  must  be  noted  and  corrected  in 
the  position  and  aiming  drill  in  the  kneeling  position.  .(1376) 

Why  must  a  certain  amount  of  choice  in  the  kneeling  position  be  allowed 
individuals?  (1377) 

Why  is  it  important  that  the  left  elbow  rest  on  the  knee  in  the  kneeling 
position?  (1377) 

What  is  the  natural  position  assumed  by  the  soldier  for  making  a  quick 
shot?  (1378) 

Why  should  the  position  and  aiming  drills  be  given  in  the  sitting  posi- 
tion? (1379) 

Explain  how  the  soldier  sits  down  from  the  standing  position.     (1379) 

Describe  the  position  of  the  arms  in  aiming  from  the  sitting  position. 

What  instruction  in  the  position  and  aiming  drills  will  begin  in  the  prone 

position  for  aiming  or  firing?      (1380) 

Explain  "Trigger  Squeeze  Exercise "  in  the  prone  position.      (1381) 
Why  is  the  prone  position  the  most  valuable  one  to  the  soldier?      (1382) 
How  is  the  recoil  of  the  rifle  prevented  from  bruising  the  shoulder  in 

firing  from  the  prone  position?     (1382) 

Deflection  and  Elevation  Correction  Drills 

In  case  a  shot  misses  the  bull 's  eye  what  two  things  may  be  done  to  cause 
the  second  shot  to  hit  it?  (1383) 

What  method  is  used  to  bring  a  man's  shots  into  the  bull's  eye  when 
they  have  been  missing  it?  (1383) 

Describe,  using  diagrams,  the  method  of  teaching  a  soldier  how  to  make 
the  necessary  corrections  in  elevation  and  windage  to  hit  the  bull 's  eye  after 
the  location  of  the  first  shot  is  signalled  or  assumed?  (1383) 

Show  by  example  how  different  changes  in  elevation  are  necessary  at 
different  ranges  in  order  to  have  the  second  shot  strike  the  same  distance 
above  the  first  shot  on  the  target.  (1383) 

How  are  corrections  in  windage  made?     (1384) 

What  is  an  easy  rule  to  remember  in  making  changes  in  windage?   (1384) 

If  the  wind  is  blowing  from  the  right  and  your  bullet  has  struck  to  the 
right  in  what  direction  do  you  move  your  rear  sight  to  hit  the  bull's  eye? 
(1384) 

What  effect  on  the  bullet  does  moving  the  rear  sight  to  the  left  have? 
(1384) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TKAINTNG  65 

Gallery  Practice 

When  is  the  soldier  instructed  in  gallery  practice?  (1385) 
What  rifle  is  used  for  gallery  practice?     (1385) 

Of  what  value  is  gallery  practice  to  the  recruit?  (1385) 

Why  is  gallery  practice  of  value  to  any  soldier?  (1385) 

Range  Practice 

What  rifle  and  ammunition  are  used  in  range  practice?     (1386) 
How  is  range  practice  divided?     (1386) 

What  courses  are  prescribed  for  troops  of  the  Eegular  Army?     (1386) 
What  course  is  prescribed  for  the  Organized  Militia  and  Volunteers? 
(1386) 

Where  are  these  courses  described  in  detail?     (1386) 
# 

Other  Instruction    - 

When  is  instruction  given  in  the  use  of  the  sling?     (1387) 
Describe  the  sling  and  its  adjustment?     (1388) 
What  does  the  sling  do  in  firing?     (1389) 
Discuss  the  use  of  the  sling  in  firing.     (1389) 

Describe  in  detail  (using  a  rifle  to  illustrate  when  possible)  the  method 
of  putting  the  sling  on  the  arm.     (1390) 

Having  jmt  the  sling  on  the  arm  explain  in  detail  how  to  take  the  cor- 
rect position  to  aim  and  fire.     (1390) 

Explain  the  clock  method  of  designating  winds.     (1391) 
What  is  a  good  rule  for  a  beginner  in  estimating  his  windage?     (1391) 
How  can  you  determine  the  direction  of  the  wind?     (1391) 
What  is  meant  by  the  "drift"  of  a  bullet?     (1392) 
What  is  meant  by  the  "zero"  of  a  rifle  and  how  is  it  found?     (1392) 
Why  is  estimating  distance  an  important  part  of  a  soldier's  training? 
(1393) 

What  methods  of  estimating  distance  must  the  soldier  know?     (1393) 
Describe  how  to  teach  a  soldier  to  estimate  distance  by  the  eye?     (1393) 
Give  several  methods  of  estimating  long  distances.     (1394) 
Describe  estimating  distances  by  trial  shots  or  volleys.     (1395) 
In  estimating  distances  when, do  objects  seem  nearer,  more  distant,  than 
the  true  range?     (1396) 

What  effect  do  the  following  have  on  shots,  heat,  cold,  and  moisture? 
(1397-8) 

Explain  the  effect  of  light  on  aiming.     (1399) 

What  is  the  rule  for  moving  your  sight  when  the  sun 'comes  out  while  you 
are  shooting?     (1399) 

What  is  meant  by  mirage  in  shooting?     (1400) 
What  should  you  do  when  the  mirage  is  boiling?     (1400) 
Give  a  summary  of  the  effects  of  temperature  and  moisture  on  eleva- 
tion?    (1401) 

What  is  the  effect  on  firing  with  the  bayonet  fixed?     (1402) 
Why  is  the  proper  care  of  his  rifle  important  to  a  soldier  in  his  shooting? 
(1403) 

COLLECTIVE  INSTRUCTION 
Combat  Practice 

When  is  the  maximum  effect  of  fire  in  battle  obtained?     (1404) 
What  two  objects  are  to  be, obtained  in  collective  firing?     (1404) 


66  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

In  order  to  make  a  unit  a  pliable  manageable  and  efficient  instrument  in 
his  hands  in  battle  what  must  a  commander  be  able  to  do  and  how  is  this 
accomplished?  (1405) 

What  is  meant  by  fire  discipline?     (1406) 

What  must  a  commander  know  in  order  to  handle  a  unit  with  intelligence 
and  efficiency  in  battle?  (1407) 

What  do  combat  exercises  consist  of?     (1408) 

What  training  and  instructions  is  taught  by  combat  exercises?     (1408) 

-Where  are  tactical  principles  applicable  to  combat  exercises  to  be  found? 
(1408) 

Where  are  the  technical  principles  of  firing  given  in  detail?     (1409) 

The  Effect  of  Fire 

What  are  the  ballistic  qualities  of  a  rifle?     (1410) 

Upon  what  is  the  flatness  of  the  trajectory  of  a  rifle  dependent?   (1410) 

Explain  why  of  two  rifles  of  equal  accuracy  the  one  having  the  flatter 
trajectory  is  the  better.  (1410) 

What  makes  our  battle  sight  possible?     (1410) 

Describe  what  is  meant  by  the  cone  of  fire  and  draw  a  diagram  to  illus- 
trate. (1411) 

Explain  what  is  meant  by  a  shot  group  and  the  center  of  impact  illus- 
trating by  a  diagram.  (1412) 

Draw  a  diagram  of  and  explain  the  beaten  zone.     (1413) 

What  is  the  form  of  the  beaten  zone  for  short  and  long  ranges?   (1413) 

Why  is  long  range  fire  uncertain  and  usually  ineffective?     (1414) 

What  is  the  zone  of  effective  fire?     (1415) 

Effectiveness  of  Fire 

Upon  what  three  factors  is  the  effectiveness  of  fire  dependent?     (1416) 
What  is  meant  by  the  percentage  of  hits  and  upon  what  does  it  depend? 

(1417) 

How  may  the  number  of  targets  hit  be  affected?     (1418) 

What,  under  any  circumstances,  will  poor  distribution  of  hits  be  due  to  ? 

(1418) 

Why  is  the  time  of  execution  of  firing  important?      (1419) 

Give  the  standard  rate  of  fire  for  troops  who  have  had  suitable  training? 

(1419) 

What  rate  of  fire  should  not  be  exceeded  for  imperfectly  trained  men? 

(1419) 

Influence  of  Ground 

Explain  defilade,  illustrating  by  a  diagram.     (1420) 

Upon  what  will  the  extent  of  defiladed  space  depend?     (1420) 

What  is  meant  by  cover,  by  concealment?     (1420) 

What  is  the  effect  on  the  fire  of  ground  falling  with  respect  to  line  of 
sight;  of  ground  rising  with  respect  to  the  line  of  sight?  Illustrate  by  dia- 
gram. (1421) 

What  targets  are  affected  by  the  depth  of  the  beaten  zone?  Give  ex- 
ample. (1422) 

Illustrate  by  diagram  the  effect  of  fire  delivered  from  a  height  on  a  hori- 
zontal plane  beneath.  (1422) 

Illustrate  by  diagram  the  effect  of  fire  delivered  at  a  target  on  the  edge 
of  a  plateau.  (1422) 

What  are  grazing  shots?     (1423) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  67 

In  case  the  ground  slopes  upwards  to  the  rear  of  firing  line  where  may 
the  supports  be  placed?  (1424) 

When  the  ground  slopes  down  and  to  the  rear  of  the  firing  line  where 
must  the  supports  be  posted?  (1424) 

What  targets  will  suffer  greater  losses  on  ground  rising  with  respect  to 
the  line  of  sight,  line  or  column  targets?  (1424) 

What  are  ricochet  shots  and  what  ground  is  most  favorable  for  them? 
(1425) 

What  two  aspects  does  the  question  of  the  occupation  of  the  ground 
present?  (1426) 

What  question  does  the  selection  of  a  defensive  position  present?   (1426) 

A  Position  Well  Down  the  Slope 

What  are  the  advantages  well  down  the  slope?     (1426) 

What  are  the  disadvantages  of  a  position  well  down  the  slope?     (1426) 

A  Position  Near  the  Crest 

What  are  the  advantages  of  a  position  near  the  crest?     (1426) 
What  are  the  disadvantages  of  a  position  near  the  crest?     (1426) 
For  what  kind  of  an  action  is  a  position  near  the  crest  desirable?   (1426) 
When  is  a  position  well  down  the  slope  desirable?     (1426) 
In  general  what  location  should  be  selected  for  a  defensive  position? 
(1426) 

Discuss  gentle  reverse  slopes.     (1427) 

Adjustment  of  Fire 

How  is  the  correct  adjustment  of  fire  obtained?     (1428) 

What  two  important  elements  enter  into  the  problem  of  the  adjustment 

of  fire?     (1428) 

Explain  briefly  why  occasionally  poorer  shots  are  more  effective  than 
.good  shots  in  collective  fire?  (1428) 

Why  is  a  correct  estimation  of  the  range  important  in  battle?     (1428) 
What  methods  may  be  employed  in  estimating  the  range?     (1429) 
What  is  the  most  practicable  method  in  estimating  the  range?     (1429) 
In  observing  the  effect  of  fire  what  may  indicate  whether  or  not  the  fire 

is  effective?     (1429) 

What  is  meant  by  combined  sights?     (1430) 

What  is  meant  by  an  aiming  target  and  when  is  it  used?     (1431) 

In  firing  at  a  moving  target  where  must  the  beaten  zone  be  established? 

(1432) 

In  firing  at  moving  targets  what  changes  in  elevation  are  made?     (1432) 
Explain  changing  of  sights  when  firing  at  skirmish  units,  retreating  in- 
fantry, and  attacking  cavalry.     (1432) 

In  firing  at  targets  moving  across  the  line  of  fire,  where  should  men  be 

taught  to  hold,  especially  at  infantry,  at  cavalry,  at  a  trot?     (1432) 

What  preparations  for  fire  should  the  defense  make  in  night  attacks? 

(1433) 

What  special  arrangements  can  be  made  so  that  the  fire  of  the  defense 

will  be  fairly  accurate  at  night?     (1432) 

Fire  Direction  and  Control 

Discuss  in  general  terms,  fire  direction  and  control.     (1434) 
How  many  rifles  has  experience  shown  can  be  controlled  by  the  voice  of 
one  leader?     (1434) 


68  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TEAINING 

What  is  the  captain's  function  in  firing?     (1434) 

What  is  the  function  of  each  platoon  leader  in  firing?     (1434) 

Show  by  diagram  how  the  captain  may  control  the  fire  of  his  company? 

(1434) 

Illustrate,  by  diagram,  how  the  captain  and  his  platoon  leaders  direct 

and  control  the  fire  of  the  company.     (1434) 

In  order  that  the  system  of  communication  be  successful  in  actual  firing 

what  is  required  of  each  man  of  the  company?     (1434) 

Give  the  captain's  duties  when  the  company  is  to  enter  the  fire  action, 

after  the  company  has  opened  fire?     (1435) 
What,  in  combat,  is  the  fire  unit?     (1436) 
What  are  the  duties  of  the  platoon  leaders  before  and  during  the  fire 

action?     (1436) 

What  are  the  guides'  duties  in  a  fire  action?     (1437) 

What  are  the  duties  of  the  squad  leaders  during  the  fire  action?   (1438) 

What  do  the  musicians   (now  buglers)   do  when  the  fire  action  opens? 

(1439) 

Give  the  duties  of  each  private  during  the  fire  action  of  his  company. 

(1440) 

Why  is  the  distribution  of  the  fire  over  the  entire  target  of  greatest  im- 
portance?    (1441) 

How  does  the  captain  allot  parts  of  the  target?  (1441) 
In  case  the  target  cannot  be  seen,  what  is  done?  (1441) 
How  is  the  distribution  of  fire  over  the  entire  target  assured?  (1441) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  69 

PART  V 
CARE  OF  HEALTH  AND  KINDRED  SUBJECTS 

CHAPTER  I 
CARE  OF  THE  HEALTH 


70  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TRAINING 

Name  some  of  the  more  common  diseases  caught  from  the  bites  of  cer- 
tain insects?     (1468) 

Where  do  the  germs  of  malaria,  yellow  fever  and  dengue  live,  and  how 
are  they  transmitted  from  one  person  to  another?     (1468) 

What  kind  of  a  mosquito  develops  the  malaria  germ;  the  yellow  fever 
germ;  the  dengue  germ?     (1468) 

How  are  these  germs  transmitted  by  mosquitoes  to  persons?     (1468) 

What  is  absolutely  the  only  way  that  malaria,  yellow  fever  and  dengue 
can  be  caught?     (1468) 

How  can  you  avoid  malaria,  yellow  fever  and  dengue?     (1469) 
»What  are  the  habits  of  the  malaria  mosquito ;  the  yellow  fever  mosquito ; 
the  dengue  mosquito?     (1469) 

How  does  it  differ  from  the  other  two  kinds?     (1469) 

How  can  mosquitoes  be  killed?     (1469) 

CHAPTER  II 
PERSONAL  HYGIENE 

What  is  Personal  Hygiene?     (1470) 
What  are  the  principle  rules  to  be  observed?     (1470) 
Why  should  the  skin  be  kept  clean?     (1471) 
What  small  troubles  are  caused  by  lack  of  cleanliness?     (1471) 
How  often  should  a  person  bathe?     (1471) 
What  care  should  the  feet  and  socks  be  given?     (1471) 
What  care  should  the  finger  nails  receive?     (1471) 
When  and  in  what  kind  of  water  should  underwear  be  washed!     (1471] 
How  is  the  care  of  the  head  kept?     (1471) 
Why  is  clothing  of  the  soldier  worn?     (1472) 
What  is  caused  by  too  much  or  too  little  clothing?     (1472) 
What  is  the  first  feeling  of  frost  bite?     (1472) 
What  parts  of  the  body  does  frost  attack  first?     (1472) 
How  can  sun  glare  and  sun  blindness  be  prevented?     (1472) 
What  do  large  lumps  of  food  do  and  cause?     (1473) 
What  food  should  not  be  eaten?     (1473)" 

If  haversack  rations  are  issued  to  you  what  divisions  of  them  would  you 
make  and  why?     (1473) 

Before  starting  on  a  hike  what  do  you  do  about  water?     (1473) 
Why  not  eat  ice  or  snow  to  quench  the  thirst?     (1473) 
Why  not  drink  large  quantities  of  cold  spring    water    when    you    are 
heated?     (1473) 

Why  not  drink  whiskey  and  beer,  especially  in  the  field?     (1473) 
What  does  alcohol  cause?     (1473) 
When  should  tobacco  be  avoided?     (1473) 

What  part  of  the  air  do  the  brain,  kidneys  and  other  internal  organs  re- 
quire, and  when  do  they  need  it?     (1474) 

How  is  the  oxygen  carried  throughout  the  body?     (1474) 
When  is  it  difficult  to  get  all  the  fresh  air  we  need?     (1474) 
How  should  the  air  in  a  dormitory  smell?     (1474) 
In  what  way  should  fresh  air  be  continually  admitted?     (1474) 
It  is  much  better  to  sleep  in  what  kind  of  a  room?     (1474) 
What  will  fresh  air  prevent  and  what  will  it  cure?     (1474) 
What  is  absolutely  necessary  to  good  health?     (1475) 
What  will  lack  of  exercise  of  any  set  of  the  muscles  cause  them  to  do! 
(1475) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAKY  TEAINING  71 

|    What  sports  are  the  best  form  of  exercise  and  why?     (1475) 
!    What  does  exhaustion  on  the  other  hand  bring  about?     (1475) 

How  should  the  body  be  rested?     (1476) 

How  much  uninterrupted  sleep  is  enough  for  the  average  man?     (1476) 
I    What  should  you  remember  concerning  your  comrades?     (1476) 

What  should  you  be  careful  not  to  do  in  camp?     (1476) 

Why  should  you  not  drink  coffee  at  night?     (1476) 

I    When  on  the  march  what  should  you  take  advantage  of  and  why?   (1476) 
I    What  is  done  as  soon  as  the  command  is  given  to  fall  out?     (1476) 

If  carrying  the  pack  what  should  you  do?     (1476) 
;    If  the  march  has  been  a  long  one  what  should  you  do?     (1476) 

How  is  this  a  quick  way  to  remove  the  heavy  dragged  feeling  of  the  feet 
bd  legs?     (1476) 

I    What  should  the  body  be  kept  free  of?     (1477) 

f    What  is  a  good  habit  to  get  into  regarding  the  emptying  of  the  bowels? 
J477) 

Why  should  you  empty  the  bowels,  whenever  you  have  the  least  desire  to 
b  so?     (1477) 

How  and  when  should  the  bowels  be  flushed?     (1477) 

What  also  will  do  much  to  keep  the  bowels  open?     (1477) 

What  will  do  much  to  induce  a  movement  of  the  bowels?     (1477) 
j    From  what  does  most  constipation  come?     (1477) 
I    What  habit  should  not  be  formed  and  why?     (1477) 
j    What  will  the  constant  moderate  use  of  alcohol  cause?     (1477) 

OHAPTEE  III 
FIEST  AID  TO  THE  SICK  AND  INJURED 

What  is  the  object  of  teaching  first  aid?     (1478) 

t    Is  it  necessary  to  know  many  things  to  be  helpful,  and  how  should  one 
pderstand  and  do  the  things  he  knows?     (1478) 

j    Explain  in  detail  how  first  aid  should  be  administered  in  the  following 
tses: 

Asphyxiation  (suffocation)  by  gas.     (1479) 

Bite  of  dog.     (1480) 

Bite  of  snake.     (1480) 
|   Bleeding.     (1481) 

What  are  the  dangers  from  a  tourniquet?     (1482) 

Broken  bones   (fractures).     (1483) 

What  is  a  compound  fracture  and  why  is  it  serious?     (1483) 

What  are  "splints"  and  how  are  they  used?     (1484) 

How  is  the  splint  used  in  the  case  of  a  broken  thigh  bone?     (1484) 

What  should  be  done  when  an  arm  is  put  in  a  splint?     (1484) 

When  the  jaw  is  broken  what  makes  a  good  splint?     (-1484) 

When  the  collar-bone  is  broken,  what  makes  a  good  treatment?     (1484) 

How  is  a  broken  rib  treated?     (1484) 

For  what  kind  of  an  injury  should  an  unconscious  man  always  be  exam- 
ed?     (1484) 

How  should  first  aid  be  administered  in  case  of  burns,  including  sunburn, 
licklime  or  lye,  carbolic  acid,  and  other  acids?     (1485) 

What  should  be  done  in  case  of  burning  clothes?     (1486) 

How  are  bruises  treated?     (1487) 

What  is  good  for  chiggers?     (1488) 

What  is  the  treatment  for  choking?     (1489) 


72  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TEAINING 

How  should  cuts  be  treated?     (1490) 
What  is  the  treatment  for  diarrhoea?      (1491) 
What  is  a  "dislocation"  and  how  is  it  treated?      (1492) 
When  uncertain  as  to  whether  you  have  to  deal  with  a  broken  bone  or  a 
dislocated  joint,  what  treatment  should  you  give?     (1492) 
How  is  a  drowning  person  rescued?      (1493) 

When  a  person  is  apparently  drowned,  why  is  he  unconscious  and  not 
breathing?      (1493) 

Why  is  his  skin  blue  and  cold?     (149S) 
Does  the  heart  stop  soon  after  the  breathing  stops?     (1493) 
The  patient's  life  can  be  saved  if  we  do  what?     (1493) 
What  then,  is  our  problem,  and  explain  in  detail  to  what  it  may  be  lik- 
ened?    (1493) 

Explain  fully  just  exactly  how  the  water  is  gotten  out  of  the  lungs  and 
the  air  is  gotten  into  them.     (1493) 

How  long  should  the  effort  to  revive  the  patient  be  kept  up  and  what  are 
the  signs  of  revival?     (1493) 

Should  one  stop  working  at  the  first  signs  of  life?     (1493) 
Persons  have  been  revived  after  how  many  hours  of  steady  work?   (14931 
Most  cases  \revive  in  about  how  many  minutes?     (1493) 
If  you  are  a  heavy  man  what  must  you  be  careful  about?     (1493) 
What  should  be  done  in  the  case  of  women  or  thin  persons?     (1493) 
If  you  happen  to  be  of  light  build  and  the  patient  is  a  large,  heavy  perj 
son,  how  should  you  apply  the  pressure?     (1493) 

Should  liquid  of  any  kind  be  given  the  patient  while  he  is  unconscious  I 
Why?      (1493) 

What  should  be  done  after  the  patient  regains  consciousness?     (1493)    I 
.  What  should  be  done  in  case  of : 

Earache?     (1494) 

Foreign  body  in  ear?     (1495) 

Electric  shock?     (1496) 

Foreign  body  in  eye?     (1497) 

Fainting?     What  causes  fainting?      (1498) 

Fish  hook  in  flesh?     (1499) 

Fits?     (1500) 

Freezing?     (1502) 

Frost  bite?     (1503) 

Headache?     (1504) 

Heat  exhaustion?     (1505) 

When  struck  by  lightning?     (1506) 

Foreign  body  in  nose?     (1507) 

Poison?     Bichloride  of  mercury?     Carbolic  Acid?     (1508) 

Scalds?     (1509) 

Scratches,  of  cats  and  other  animals?     (1510) 

Shock?     (1511) 

Snow  or  sun  blindness?     (1512) 

Sore  throat? 

Spider's  bite?     (1514) 

Sprains?     (1516) 

Stings?     (1517) 

Sunburn?     (1518) 

Sunstroke?     (1519) 
What  fact  do  we  know  to  be  of  the  utmost  importance  in  the  case  of  an 
wound?     (1520) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TRAINING  73 

What  is  "pus"  and  what  does  it  do?     (1520) 

What  is  our  first  aim  in  treating  wounds  and  how  is  it  accomplished? 
(1520) 

What  does  the  first  aid  packet  consist  of?     (1521) 
What  is  the  one  important  fact  about  the  first  aid  packet?     (1521) 
Under  what  conditions  is  it  perfectly  safe  to  put  a  first  aid  packet  on  a 
wound?     (1521) 

Should  a  fresh,  clean  wound  ever  be  washed?     (1521) 
What  precautions  should  be  observed  in  applying  a  first  aid  packet? 
(1521) 

Describe  just  exactly  how  a  first  aid  packet  should  be  opened  and  hand- 
ed?    (1521) 

Often  in  whose  hands  is  the  life  of  a  wounded  man?     (1521) 
What,   in   an   emergency,   may   be   substituted   for   a   first   aid   packet? 
(1521) 

In  the  case  of  an  infected  wound,  what  should  be  done  before  applying 
the  first  aid  dressing?      (1521) 

Describe  how  improvised  litters  can  be  made.     (1522) 


74  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

PART  VI 
MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  KINDRED  SUBJECTS 

CHAPTER  I 

MILITARY    DEPORTMENT     AND     APPEARANCE— PERSONAL 

CLEANLINESS— FORMS    OF    SPEECH— DELIVERY 

OF  MESSAGES,  ETC. 

What  can  be  said  about  the  responsibilities  of  a  soldier  as  regards  civil 
authority?  (1523) 

How  must  a  soldier  conduct  himself?  «  (1523) 

What  appearance  should  be  made  whether  on  or  off  duty  and  what  should 
he  remember?  (1523) 

What  does  the  uniform  of  a  soldier  symbolize?     (1523) 

To  whom,  besides  himself  does  a  soldier  owe  neatness  in  dress  and  why! 
(1523) 

What  fact  is  known  to  students  of  human  nature  regarding  a  man  being 
neatly  and  trimly  dressed?  (1523) 

What  impression  does  a  man  who  misbehaves  in  uniform  create  and  what 
results  are  thereby  produced?  (1523) 

.State  a  fact  well  known  regarding  laxity  in  dress  and  negligence  in  mili- 
tary courtesy.  (1523) 

Give  the  requirements  to  be  carefully  observed  by  a  soldier  in  connec- 
tion with  the  following  points: 

(1)  Care  and  attendance  to  dress;  (2)  wearing  of  blouse  or  overcoat; 
(3)  cap;  (4)  hair;  (5)  face;  (6)  shoes;  (7)  trousers;  (8)  garrison  belt; 
(9)  leggins;  (10)  brass  letters,  numbers  and  crossed  rifles;  (11)  white 
gloves;  (12)  hands  in  pockets.  What  are  the  requirements  of  Army  Regu- 
lations regarding  men  leaving  the  post  on  pass?  (1523) 

What  articles  are  not  permitted  to  be  worn,  exposed  to  view,  while  in 
uniform?  (1523) 

Give  the  prohibitions  in  the  Uniform  Regulations  regarding  the  mixing 
of  civilian  dress  and  any  mark  or  part  of  the  uniform,  and  the  mixing  of 
uniforms?  (1523) 

When  the  company  commander  or  any  other  officer  sends  for  a  soldier 
to  report  to  him  in  the  company  office  or  any  other  plaee  how  must  the  sol- 
dier be  dressed?  (1523) 

What  is  obedience?     (1524) 

What  kind  of  obedience  must  be  paid  by  all  subordinates  to  the  orders 
of  their  superiors?  (1524) 

What  should  a  soldier  do  first  of  all?     (1524)    ' 

How  should  all  duty  be  performed  and  why?     (1524) 

Whom  do  the  company  noncommissioned  officers  represent  in  the  orders 
and  directions  they  give?  (1525) 

What  do  orders  and  regulations  require  of  men  towards  noncommissioned 
officers?  (1525) 

Discuss  the  proper  action  of  privates  when  they  have  received  orders 
from  noncommissioned  officers?  (1525) 

In  what  places  does  the  authority  of  noncommissioned  officers  apply? 
(1525) 

Give  the  proper  forms  of  speech  to  be  used  in  speaking  to  an  officer. 
(1526) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TBAINING  75 

What  should  a  soldier  do  when  he  has  finished  the  thing  he  was  ordered 
to  do?  (1526) 

If  ordered  to  report  to  an  officer  for  any  purpose  when  should  you  go 
away?  (1526) 

When  an  officer  calls  a  soldier  who  is  some  distance  away  what  action 
should  the  soldier  take?  (1526) 

When  do  you  salute  an  officer  who  is  leaving  you  after  having  had  a  con- 
versation? (1526) 

Give  the  proper  procedure  in  entering  an  office.     (1527) 

How  does  a  soldier  get  his  complaints  before  the  captain?     (1528) 

What  is  the  custom  for  soldiers  who  wish  to  speak  to  the  captain  about 
anything  other  than  complaints?  (1528) 

Discuss  how  a  soldier  is  paid.     (1529) 

How  can  a  soldier  deposit  his  money?     (1529) 

When  an  enlisted  man  receives  a  written  or  verbal  message  from  an  offi- 
cer for  delivery  and  does  not  understand  it,  what  should  he  do?  (1530) 

How  does  a  soldier  acknowledge  that  he  understands  the  instructions 
given  him?  (1530) 

How  does  he  deliver  the  message  to  the  officer  for  whom  it  is  intended 
when  the  officer  is  junior  to  the  officer  sending  the  message,  and  when  the 
officer  is  senior  to  him?  (1530) 

What  should  you  always  ascertain  before  leaving  an  officer  to  whom  you 
deliver  a  message?  (1530) 

How  does  rank  affect  the  presenting  of  compliments  from  one  officer  to 
another?  (1530) 

What  uniform  is  worn  by  a  witness  before  a  court?     (1531) 

When  you  have  been  called  and  have  entered  the  room  what  should  you 
do?  (1531) 

What  reply  do  you  make  to  the  oath  given  you  by  the  judge-advocate? 
(1531) 

Give  the  proper  reply  to  the  question  "Do  you  know  the  accused?  If 
so,  state  who  he  is."  (1531) 

When  and  how  should  you  answer  the  questions  asked  you?     (1531) 

What  is  done  when  the  judge-advocate  says  "That  is  all."     (1531) 

CHAPTER  II 

MILITAEY  COURTESY 

* 

Why  do  some  soldiers  not  see  the  necessity  for  saluting,  standing  at  at- 
tention and  other  forms  of  courtesy?  (1532) 

What  is  the  index  to  the  manner  in  which  other  duties  are  performed? 
(1532) 

What  do  Army  Regulations  tell  us  regarding  military  courtesy?   (1533) 
What  is  the  nature  and  origin  of  salutes  among  civilians?     (1533) 
What  has  always  seemed  to  be  one  of  the  natural  nobler  instincts  of 
man?     (1534) 

Why  was  the  present  form  of  saluting  adopted?     (1534) 
What  mistaken  ideas  regarding  saluting  are  sometimes  formed?     (1534) 
What  does  manly  deference  to  superiors  not  imply?     (1534) 
What  idea  should  the  recruit  at  once  rid  himself  of?     (1534) 
By  saluting  what  does  the  raw  recruit  command?     (1534) 
When  a  soldier  salutes  an  officer  what  is  he  really  saluting?     (1534) 
What  does  a  man  with  a  true  soldierly  instinct  never  do?     (1534) 
How  is  military  courtesy  simply  an  application  of  common,  everyday 
courtesy  and  common  sense?     (1534) 


76  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TEAINING 

How  does  this  apply  to  a  man  who  has  the  instincts  of  a  real  soldier? 
(1534) 

What  is  the  significance  of  the  salute  on  the  part  of  a  subordinate? 
(1534) 

What  is  obligatory  by  custom  and  regulations?     (1534) 

To  whom  does  the  military  salute  belong?     (1534) 

Why  should  a  soldier  be  proud   of  having  the  privilege   of   saluting? 
(1534) 

How  are  officers  and  enlisted  men  bound  together  by  a  military  salute? 
(1534) 

By  whom  are  all  army  officers  saluted?     (1535) 

What  officers  other  than  those  of  the  Regular  Army  are  soldiers  re- 
quired to  salute?     (1536) 

What  compliment  should  be  paid  by  soldiers  to  officers  of  the  Eeserve 
Corps  on  active  duty?     (1537) 

What  compliment  should  be  paid  by  soldiers  to  foreign  naval  and  mili- 
tary officers?      (1538) 

When  and  how  shall  salutes  be  exchanged  between  officers  and  enlisted  j 
men?     (1539) 

When  will  all  officers  salute?     (1540) 

What  does  military  courtesy  require  of  the  juniors?     (1540) 

When  is  this  subject  to  change?     (1540) 

What  is  saluting  distance?     (1541) 

What  has  been  the  practice  in  the  Army  as  to  the  distance  at  which  the . 
salute  should  be  made?     (1541) 

What  procedure  is  followed  when  an  officer  enters  a  room  where  there  j 
are  several  enlisted  men?     (1542) 

What  is  done  when  an  officer  enters  a  room  where  enlisted  men  are  at', 
meals?     (1543) 

If  an  enlisted  man  is  seated  what  does  he  do  on  the  approach  of  an  offi-  ; 
cer?     (1544) 

If  he  is  standing  what  does  he  do?     (1544) 

What  does  an  unarmed  enlisted  man  do  when  indoors  upon  the  approach 
of  an  officer?^     (1545) 

What  places  do  the  term  "indoors"  include?     (1545) 

What  does  an  unarmed  enlisted  man  do  in  such  places?     (1545) 

When  an  officer  approaches  a  number  of  enlisted  men  out  of  doors  what 
is  done  by  the  enlisted  men?      (1546) 

When  is  it  customary  for  enlisted  men  to  salute?     (1546) 

What  do  soldiers  actually  at  work  do?     (1547) 

What  do  soldiers  actually  at  work  do  if  addressed  by  an  officer?   (1547) 

What   does  a   soldier   riding  in   a  wagon   do   when  passing  an   officer? 
(1548) 

If  a  soldier  is  driving  a  wagon,  when  should  he  salute?     (1548) 

When  a  soldier  is  passed  by  an  officer  on  a  staircase  what  does  he  do  ?  I 

What  does  an  armed  enlisted  man  do  before  addressing  an  officer,  or 
when  addressed  by  him?      (1550) 

What  does  he  do  if  unarmed?     (1550) 

What  does  he  do  after  receiving  a  reply?     (1550) 

How  are  salutes  rendered  in  uniform?      (1551) 

How  do  enlisted  men  out  of   doors   and  armed   with   the   rifle   salute?] 
(1552) 

If  indoors,  how  is  the  rifle  salute  rendered?      (1552) 

An  enlisted  man  armed  with  the  saber,  renders  what  salute  if  saber  is  J 
drawn?     (1553) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  77 

If  the  saber  is  not  drawn  what  salute  does  he  render?     (1553) 

When  does  a  soldier  salute  with  the  present  arms?     (1554) 

At  all  other  times  when  armed  with  the  rifle  what  salute  does  he  render? 
(1554) 

When  may  a  sentinel  on  post  doing  interior  guard  duty  not  salute? 
(1554) 

In  civilian  dress,  covered  or  uncovered,  how  do  officers  and  enlisted  men 
salute  military  persons?  (1555) 

Officers  and  enlisted  men  will  render  the  prescribed  salutes  in  what  man- 
ner? (1556) 

When  several  officers  in  company  are  saluted,  which  ones  return  it? 
(1557) 

Except  in  the  field  under  campaign,  or  simulated  campaign  conditions; 
what  do  mounted  officers  or  soldiers  do  before  addressing  a  superior  officer 
not  mounted?  (1558) 

What  does  a  soldier  do  in  formation  when  directly  addressed?     (1559) 

In  what  public  places  and  when  may  honors  and  personal  salutes  be 
omitted?  (1560) 

Give  an  instance  when  an  eidisted  man  would  not  salute  unless  addressed 
by  an  officer?  (1560) 

Give  an  instance  when  it  would  be  but  an  act  of  courtesy  for  him  to  rise, 
salute  and  offer  an  officer  his  seat.  (1560) 

Commanders  of  detachments  or  other  commands  will  salute  officers  of 
grades  higher  than  the  person  commanding  the  unit  in  what  manner  when 
with  arms  in  hand?  (1561)  Without  arms  in  hand?  (1561) 

When  an  officer  entitled  to  the  salute  passes  in  rear  of  a  body  of  troops, 
what  is  done?  (1562) 

If  the  command  is  in  line  at  a  halt  (not  in  the  field)  and  armed  with 
the  rifle,  or  with  sabers  drawn,  what  is  done  before  its  commander  salutes 
when  the  National  Anthem  is  played,  or  when  "To  the  Color"  or  "To  the 
Standard ' '  is  sounded  during  ceremonies,  or  when  a  person  is  saluted  who 
is  its  immediate  or  higher  commander  or  a  general  officer,  or  when  the  na- 
tional or  regimental  color  is  saluted?  (1563) 

Salutes  and  honors,  as  a  "rule  are  not  paid  by  troops  actually  engaged  in 
what  duties?  (1564) 

Troops  on  the  service  of  security  pay  what  compliments?     (1564) 

At  what  gaits,  are  salutes  not  rendered?     (1565) 

When  moving  at  such  gait  what  must  the  soldier  first  do  before  saluting? 
(1565) 

The  question  of  gait  applies  to  what  person?     (1565) 

Miscellaneous 

Where  does  a  soldier  accompanying  an  officer  walk?      (1566) 

What  compliment  does  a  prisoner  pay  an  officer?     (1567) 

When  is  a  salute  very  unmilitary?     (1568) 

How  do  you  salute  ladies?     (1569) 

What  are  you  forbidden  to  do  when  saluting  ladies?     (1569) 

How  long  is  the  hand  or  weapon  held  in  the  position  of  salute?     (1570) 

Usual  Mistakes  in  Saluting 

What  are  the  mistakes  usually  made  by  soldiers  in  rendering  salutes? 
(1571) 


78  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TEAINING 

Respect  to  be  Paid  to  the  National  Anthem,  the  Colors  and  Standards 

Whenever  the  National  Anthem  is  played  at  any  place  when  persons  be- 
longing to  the  military  service  are  present,  what  do  officers  and  enlisted 
men  not  in  formation,  do?  (1572) 

If  they  are  in  uniform,  armed  or  unarmed,  or  in  civilian  clothes,  uncov- 
ered, when  do  they  salute?  (1572) 

If  they  are  not  in  uniform  and  covered  what  is  done?     (1572) 

In  inclement  weather  what  may  be  done  with  the  civilian  headdress? 
(1572) 

What  rules  apply  when  ' ' To  the  Color "  or  "To  the  Standard ' '  is  sound- 
ed? (1572) 

What  marks  of  respect  are  observed  during  the  playing  of  the  national 
anthem  of  any  other  country  when  played  upon  official  occasions?  (1573) 

State  what  is  done  when  "To  the  Color "  is  sounded  at  retreat.     (1574) 

Officers  and  enlisted  men,  in  uniform,  passing  the  uncased  color  (or 
standard)  render  what  honor?  (1575) 

If  in  civilian  dress,  covered,  what  honor  is  rendered?     (1575) 

What  is  meant  by  "Colors."  and  "Standards"? 

In  the  Army  Regulations  to  what  does  the  word  "Color"  refer?     (1575) 

To  what  does  "Standard"  refer?     (1575) 

What  is  meant  by  uncased  colors  and  standards?     (1575) 

What  is  meant  by  Flag?      (1575) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  79 

PART  VII 
GUARD  DUTY 

What  is  one  of  the  soldier's  most  important  duties?     (1576) 

In  all  armies  of  the  world  the  manner  in  which  guard  duty  is  performed 
is  an  index  to  what?  (1576) 

What  depends  upon  the  guard's  vigilance  and  readiness  for  action? 
(1576) 

When  is  the  importance  of  guard  duty  increased?     (1576) 

Why?     (1576) 

What  may  the  sentinels  be  considered?     (1576) 

What  does  military  law  enjoin  regarding  respect  for  sentinels?     (1577) 

What  is  required  of  all  persons  in  the  service?     (1577) 

Why  should  a  sentinel  be  fully  protected  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties? 
(1577) 

What  would  result  if  anyone  were  permitted  to  molest  or  interfere  with  a 
sentinel,  without  becoming  liable  to  a  severe  penalty?  (1577) 

Whom  does  a  sentinel  represent  with  respect  to  the  orders  he  is  required 
to  enforce?  (1578) 

To  what  is  a  sentinel  entitled?      (1578) 

Over  what  persons  has  a  sentinel  absolute  authority?      (1578) 

What  does  disobedience  of  a  sentinel's  orders  constitute?     (1578) 

Introduction 

Into  what  classes  are  guards  divided?     (1579) 

When  only  are  exterior  guards  used?     (1580) 

To  what  branch  of  military  art  do  exterior  guards  belong  and  in  what 
regulations  are  they  treated?  (1580) 

What  is  the  purpose  of  exterior  guards?     (1580) 

What  form  do  they  take  on  the  march?     (1580) 

What  do  they  consist  of  at  a  halt?     (1580) 

Where  and  for  what  purpose  are  interior  guards  used?     (1581) 

In  time  of  war  where  may  sentinels  of  an  interior  guard  be  placed  rela- 
tive to  the  normal  exterior  guard  of  a  camp?  (1581) 

In  time  of  peace  what  class  of  guard  is  used  in  a  camp  or  garrison? 
(1581) 

In  time  of  war  for  what  purposes  are  military  police  used?     (1582) 

When  and  where  are  provost  guards  used?     (1583.) 

For  what  purpose?     (1583) 

INTERIOR   GUARD 

Classification 

How  are  the  elements  of  an  interior  guard  classified  according  to  their 
particular  purposes  and  the  manner  in  which  their  duties  are  performed? 
(1584) 

Details  and  Rosters 

At  what  posts  and  in  what  commands  in  the  field  are  interior  guards  de- 
tailed and  mounted?  (1585) 

What  is  the  strength  and  composition  of  an  interior  guard  and  by  whom 
determined?  (1585) 

Who  commands  the  interior  guard  and  under  what  supervision?     (1585) 

Why  is  a  system  of  sentinels  on  fixed  posts  of  value  in  discipline  and 
training?  (1586) 


80  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TEAINING 

Why  should  the  number  of  men  detailed  for  interior  guard  be  the  small- 
est possible?  (1586) 

In  time  of  peace  how  may  the  commanding  officer  reduce  the  number  of 
sentinels  on  fixed  posts  required  for  interior  guard  duty?  (1586) 

At  posts  where  there  are  less  than  three  companies  how  may  the  main  and 
special  guards  be  furnished?  _(1587) 

At  posts  where  there  are  three  or  more  companies  how  will  the  main 
guard  be  furnished?  (1587) 

Should  a  single  company  furnish  the  main  guard,  what  other  details  will 
if  practicable,  be  supplied  from  it?  (1587) 

Should  a  single  company  furnish  the  main  guard,  for  what  duties  are 
the  company  officers  detailed?  (1587) 

When  should  an  officer  of  the  day  be  detailed  with  a  guard?     (1588) 

When  and  for  what  period  should  an  officer  be  detailed  to  supervise  the 
command  and  instruction  of  a  guard?  (1588) 

What  officers  may  be  detailed  as  supernumerary  officers  of  the  guard  and 
for  what  purpose?  (1589) 

How  is  the  detail  of  officers  of  the  guard  limited?     (1589) 

How  many  days7  interval  between  tours  should  privates  of  the  main 
guard  have,  and  how  is  this  regulated?  (1590) 

The  Commanding  Officer 

How  and  to  whom  does  the  commanding  officer  give  his  orders?     (1591) 
What  does  he  exact  in  the  performance  of  guard  duty?     (1591) 
What  will  he  prescribe  in  his  orders  for  guard  duty?     (1591) 
When  and  where  does  he  receive  the  reports  of  the  officers  of  the  day? 
(1592) 

What  does  he  do  upon  receipt  of  these  reports?     (1592) 

The  Officer  of  the  Day 

For  what  is  the  officer  of  the  day  responsible?     (1593) 

With  the  execution  of  what  orders  is  he  charged?     (1593) 

When  does  his  actual  tour  begin  and  when  does  it  cease?     (1593) 

Should  an  emergency  arise  in  the  interval  between  guard  mounting  and 
reporting  to  the  commanding  officer,  what  is  done?  (1593) 

In  the  absence  of  special  instructions  what  inspections  will  the  officer  of 
the  day  make  during  his  tour?  (1594) 

What  may  he  require  of  officers  and  noncommissioned  officers  of  the 
guard?  (1594) 

When  and  to  whom  will  he  furnish  the  parole  and  countersign?     (1595) 

What  does  he  do  if  a  person  entitled  to  the  compliment  is  present  in  the 
post  Or  camp?  (1595) 

In  case  of  an  alarm  of  any  kind  what  steps  should  he  take?     (1596) 

To  whose  orders  is  he  subject?     (1597) 

To  whose  orders  is  he  also  subject  in  case  of  an  alarm  of  any  kind  and 
at  a  time  of  great  danger?  (1597) 

Where  will  he  attend  the  musters  and  inspections  prescribed  in  army 
regulations?  (1598) 

At  these  formations  who  will  give  the  commands  to  the  guard?     (1598) 

Who  verifies  the  prisoners  ana1  inspects  the  guardhouse  and  premises? 
(1598) 

In  the  absence  of  instructions  what  does  he  do  regarding  prisoners  whose 
sentences  expire  that  day?  (1599) 

What  does  he  do,  should  there  be  prisoners  with  110  record  of  charges 
against  them?  (1599) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  81 

Who  signs  the  report  of  the  commander  of  the  guard?     (1600) 
May  entry  of  remarks  be  made  on  this  report?     (1600) 
How  do  the  old  and  the  new  officer  of  the  day  report  to  the  commanding 
officer?     (1601) 

Of  what  should  the  officer  of  the  day  always  keep  his  guard  informed? 
(1602) 

Commander  of  the  Guard 

For  what  is  the  commander  of  the  guard  responsible?     (1603) 

What  visits  of  inspection  will  he  make?     (1603) 

Whose  orders  does  he  obey?     (1604) 

Should  he  receive  an  order  from  an  officer  other  than  the  officer  of  the 
day,  what  should  he  do?  (1604) 

What  does  he  transmit  to  his  successor?     (1604) 

When  does  he  become  responsible  for  the  safety  of  the  post  or  camp? 
(1605)  . 

Should  an  emergency  arise  while  both  guards  are  at  the  guardhouse  what 
s  done?  (1605) 

When  may  the  officer  of  the  guard  be  absent  from  his  guard?     (1606) 

When  leaving  his  guard  for  any  purpose  what  should  he  do?     (1607) 

When  and  with  whom  may  he  divide  the  night?     (1608) 

Who  retains  responsibility?     (1608) 

What  does  he  do  when  an  alarm  is  raised  in  camp  or  garrison?     (1609) 

If  a  sentinel  calls,  "The  Guard,'7  what  does  he  do?     (1610) 

If  a  sentinel  in  addition,  discharges  his  piece,  what  else  is  done?   (1610) 

In  addition  to  the  sentinels  at  the  guardhouse  what  members  of  the  guard 
ihould  always  be  present?  (1611) 

What  does  the  commander  of  the  guard  do  when  the  guard  is  turned  out 
>etween  reveille  and  retreat  for  any  person  entitled  to  the  compliment? 


What  does  he  do  should  the  person  be  entitled  to  inspect  the  guard? 
1612) 

What  does  he  do  when  the  guard  is  turned  out  between  retreat  and 
•eveille?  (1612) 

In  what  cases  need  110  report  be  made?     (1613) 

What  should  a  noncommissioned  officer  do,  if  in  command  of  a  guard 
iurned  out  as  a  compliment  or  for  inspection?  (1614) 

How  does  an  officer  in  command  of  a  guard  formed  in  line  and  not  un- 
der inspection  salute  his  regimental,  battalion  and  company  commander? 
(1615) 

For  officers  other  than  those  entitled  to  the  compliment  from  a  guard, 
.ow  does  the  commander  of  the  guard  salute?  (1615) 

What  would  a  noncommissioned  officer  in  command  of  the  guard  do  in 
these  two  cases?  (1615) 

With  whom  does  the  commander  of  the  guard  exchange  salutes?     (1615) 

How  is  this  exchange  executed  by  the  guard?     (1615) 

When  only  is  "Present  arms"  executed  by  a  guard?     (1615) 

When  only  is  "Eyes  right"  executed  by  a  guard?     (1616) 

What  does  the  commander  of  the  guard  do  when  a  person  entitled  to  a 
salute  or  to  the  compliment  passes  in  rear  of  the  guard?  (1617) 

How  is  official  recognition  taken  of  the  presence  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
guard,  of  any  person  who  has  received  the  salute  from  its  commander  or  who 
lias  received  or  declined  the  compliment?  (1617) 

When  will  the  commander  of  the  guard  inspect  the  guard  and  for  what 
purpose?  (1618) 


82  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

How  does  he  prepare  the  guard  for  inspection  by  other  officers?     (16.181 
When  will  the  guard  be  paraded  during  ceremonies?     (1619) 
When  and  how  will  "Inspection  arms"  be  executed  by  members  of  the 
guard  or  reliefs?     (1620) 

How  often  are  sentinels  relieved?     (1621) 

When  and  by  whose  authority  may  this  period  be  changed?     (1G21) 
^  Relative  to  what  will  the  commander  of  the  guard  question  his  noncom- 
missioned officers  and  sentinels?     (1622) 

What  are  his  duties  with  respect  to  patrols  and  visits  of  inspection? 
(1622) 

Where  should  the  written  special  orders  for  each  post  and  member  of 
the  guard  be  posted?  (1623) 

What  are  his  duties  with  respect  to  the  sounding  of  calls?     (16^4) 
What  is  done,  should  a  member  of  the  guard  be  taken  sick,  arrested  de- 
sert or  leave  his  post?     (1625) 

fcSJ^/SSL*0  What  members  of  the  guard  is  the  countersign  eommrni- 
cated  jr  ( 16^26) 

(162r?at  flag  and  gUn  details  does  the  commander  of  the  guard  make? 
What  are  his  duties  with  respect  to  the  care  of  flags?     (1627) 
What  clothing  may  members  of  the  guard  be  permitted  to  remove  while 
at  the  guardhouse?     (1628) 

What  does  he  require  of  members  of  the  guard  who  leave  the  guard- 
house for  any  purpose  whatever?  (1628) 

What  report  does  he  make  and  what  papers  does  he  transmit  upon  com 
pletion  of  his  tour?  (1629) 

What  does  he  do  when  a  prisoner  is  confined?     (1630) 

Under  war  conditions  how  are  persons  passed  out  of  camp  at  night? 

\  J-Ool ) 

What  are  his  duties  with  respect  to  detention  of  persons  at  the  guard- 
house? (1632) 

What  are  his  duties  with  respect  to  inspections  of  the  guard  premises 
and  prisoners?  (1633) 

When  do  the  corporals  of  the  old  and  new  reliefs  verify  the  prisoners  in 
confinement?  (1634) 

What  are  his  duties  with  respect  to  the  execution  of  prisoner's  senten- 
ces? .  (1635) 

What  sentinels  are  assigned  to  guard  prisoners  at  work  when  no  special 
prisoner  guard  is  detailed?  (1636) 

What  inspections  are  made  of  meals  sent  to  the  guardhouse?     (1637) 

At  guard  mounting  what  report  does  he  make  concerning  prisoners? 
(1638) 

Who  is  responsible  for  the  security  of  prisoners  under  charge  of  the 
guard  and  when  does  this  responsibility  begin?     (1639) 
Should  the  prisoners  be  paraded  for  verification?     (1640) 
When  the  prisoners  have  been  paraded  and  verified  what  does  the  com- 
mander of  the  new  guard  do?     (1641) 

Sergeant  of  the  Guard 

What  member  of  the  guard  acts  as  sergeant  of  the  guard?     (1642) 
When  does  he  perform  the  duties  of  commalider  of  the  guard?     (1642) 
Over  what  members  of  the  guard  has  he  general  supervision?     (1(343) 
With  what  orders  and  duties  must  he  be  familiar?     (1643) 

"re  his  duties  with  respect  to  property  under  charge  of  the  guard! 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  83 

What  lists  of  members  of  the  guard  does  he  prepare  and  what  does  he  do 

with  them?     (1645) 

What  are  his  duties  with  respect  to  corporals  and  their  reliefs?     (1646) 
During  his  temporary  absence  who  performs  the  duties  of  sergeant  of 

the  guard?     (1647) 

What  is  done  when  the  corporal  whose  relief  is  on  post  is  called  away? 

(1648) 

For  what  police  work  is  the  sergeant  of  the  guard  responsible?     (1649) 

What  does  he  do  at  "first  sergeant's  call"?     (1650) 

What  is  done  when  the  colors  are  taken  from  the  stacks  of  the  color 

line  to  the  colonel 's  quarters?     (1651) 

Of  what  occurrence  will  he  make  report  to  the  commander  of  the  guard? 

(1652) 

What  does  he  do  with  arrested  persons'?     (1652) 

What  is  the  formation  of  the  guard  when  it  is  turned  out?     (1653) 

If  not  in  command  of  the  guard  what  does  he  do  in  the  formation  of  the 

guard?     (1654) 

What  report  does  he  make  at  this  formation?     (1655) 

At  night  how  may  the  roll  be  called?     (1656) 

When  is  the  roll  call  dispensed  with  and  what  is  done  in  such  cases? 

(1657) 

When  is  the  roll  called,  if  the  guard  be  turned  out  for  an  officer  entitled 

to  inspect  it1?     (1657) 

What  are  his  duties  with  respect  to  the  security  of  prisoners?  (1658) 
What  are  his  duties  with  respect  to  guardroom  and  cell  keys?  (1659) 
What  are  his  duties  with  respect  to  tableware  given  to  prisoners  with 

their  meals?     (1660) 

How  are  the  prisoners  paraded  with  the  guard?     (1661) 

By  what  commands  are  the  prisoners  returned  to  the  guardroom  and 

cells?     (1662) 

To  close  the  guard,  what  commands  are  given  and  by  whom?     (1663) 
By  what  other  method  may  the  interval  for  prisoners  be  formed?  (1664) 
In  case  sentinels  are  numerous  how  may  reliefs  be  posted?     (1665) 

Corporal  of  the  Guard 

Whose  orders  does  the  corporal  of  the  guard  obey?     (1666) 
What  are  his  duties  with  respect  to  the  sentinels  and  members  of  his  re- 
lief?    (1667) 

How  does  he  assign  members  of  his  relief  to  posts?     (1668) 
On  what  posts  are  experienced  soldiers  placed?     (1668) 
What  list  does  he  prepare  and  what  does  he  do  with  it?     (1669) 
How  does  he  form  his  relief?     (1670) 

How  does  he  place  his  relief  in  march  and  where  are  the  posts  of  the 
corporals  of  the  old  and  new  guard  while  on  the  march?     (1670) 
What  is  done  when  the  relief  approaches  a  sentinel?     (1671) 
What  do  the  corporals  then  do?     (1672) 

Illustrate  by  a  diagram  the  posts  of  corporals,  sentinels  and  the  relief. 
(1672) 

After  the  old  sentinel  has  correctly  transmitted  his  instructions,  what  is 
done?     (1673) 

How  are  mounted  sentinels  posted  and  relieved?     (1674) 
What  is  done  upon  the  return  of  the  old  relief  to  the  post  of  the  guard? 
(1675) 

How  is  a  relief  posted^  other  than  that  which  is  posted  when  the  old 
guard  is  relieved?     (1676) 


84  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

What  does  the  corporal  do  when  directed  by  the  .commander  of  the  guard! 
to  post  his  relief?     (1677) 

How  is  the  old  relief  dismissed?     (1678) 

What  is  done  should  the  pieces  have  been  loaded  before  the  relief  was' 
posted?     (1679) 

What  are  the  corporal 's  duties  with  respect  to  the  special  orders  of  senti-' 
nels  on  his  relief?     (1680) 

What  member  of  the  guard  should  be  constantly  on  the  alert  at  the! 
guardhouse  and  what  should  he  do?     (1681) 

What  is  done  when  it  becomes  necessary  for  the  corporal  to  leave  hid 
post  near  the  guardhouse  entrance?     (1682) 

What   are  the   corporal's   duties   with  respect   to   persons   entering  the! 
guardhouse  or  crossing  the  post  of  the  sentinel  there  posted?     (1683) 

What  does  he  do  when  a  sentinel  calls  for  the  corporal  of  the  guard  fj 
(1684) 

Of  what  occurrences  does  he  make  immediate  report  to  the  commanded 
of  the  guard?     (1685) 

What  does  he  do  should  a  sentinel  call  "The  Guard "? 

What  does  he  do  should  a  sentinel  call  "Relief  "?     (1687) 

To  whom  does  he  give  the  countersign?     (1688) 

When  will  he  wake  the  corporal  whose  relief  is  next  on  post?     (1689)    1 

What  does  he  do  when  the  guard  is  turned  out?     (1690) 

How  are  tents  or  bunks  assigned  to  members  of  the  guard?     (1691)    j 

What  does  he  do  when  challenged  by  a  sentinel  while  posting  his  relief  f& 
(1692) 

What  are  his  duties  with  respect  to  challenging,  when  marching  a  patrol' 
or  a  relief  between  retreat  and  reveille?     (1693) 

What  does  he  do  when  ordered  to  turn  out  the  guard,  between  retreats 
and  reveille,  by  an  off ice<, Entitled  to  inspect  it?     (1694) 

How  does  he  advance  parties  approaching  the  guard  at  night?     (1695)1 

When  officers  of  different  rank  approach  the  guardhouse  from  different 
directions  at  the  same  time,  who  will  be  first  advanced?     (1696) 

Out  of  ranks  and  under  arms  whom  does  the  corporal  salute?     (1697)    i 

What  does  he  do  with  parties  detained  by  sentinels?     (1698) 

Whom  should  he  arrest  and  what  should  he  do  with  parties  arrest edfc 
(1699) 

Musicians  of  the  Guard 

What  calls  will  the  musician  of  the  guard  sound?     (1700) 
What  does  the  field  music  of  the  guard  do  when  the  guard  is  turned  out 
for  the  national  or  regimental  colors  or  standards,  uncased?     (1701) 

Orderlies  and  Color  Sentinels 

How  many   and   by   whom   are   orderlies   and   color   sentinels   selected! 
(1702) 

For  these  positions  which  soldiers  should  be  chosen?     (1702) 

What  does  an  orderly  do  when  directed  to  fall  out  and  report?     (1703) 

Should  the  selected  orderly  be  a  cavalryman  what  does  he  do?     (1704) 

To  whose  orders  are  orderlies  subject?     (1705) 

How  should  an  orderly  deliver  a  message?     (1706) 

When  does  an  orderly's  tour  of  duty  end?     (1707) 

Are  orderlies  members  of  the  guard?     (1708) 

Should  their  names  be  entered  on  the  guard  report?     (1708) 

How  many  sentinels  are  placed  on  the  color  line?     (1709) 

When  only  are  sentinels  posted  on  the  color  line?     (1710) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  85 

After  stacks  are  broken  what  may  color  sentinels  be  permitted  to  do? 
(1711) 

What  report  must  they  make  to  the  commander  of  the  guard?     (1711) 

Should  color  sentinels  be  placed  on  regular  reliefs  and  should  their  posts 
be  numbered?  (1712) 

What  should  a  color  sentinel  call,  in  calling  for  the  corporal  of  the 
guard?  (1712) 

Who,  in  the  military  service,  are  required  to  salute  the  colors  and  when 
is  the  salute  made?  (1713) 

What  orders  does  a  sentinel  placed  over  the  colors  enforce?     (1714) 

Privates  of  the  Guard 

Who  assigns  privates  to  reliefs  and  to  posts?     (1715) 
May  they  change  from  one  relief  or  post  to  another  during  their  tour? 
(1715) 

Orders  for  Sentinels 

Orders  for  sentinels  are  divided  into  what  classes?     (1716) 
What  general  orders  are  sentinels  required  to  memorize?     (1717) 
Respect  for  sentinels  and  members  of  the  guard  on  duty  must  be  ob- 
served by  whom?     (1718) 

What  occurrences  should  a  sentinel  report  to  the  corporal  of  the  guard? 
(1719) 

What  persons  should  a  sentinel  arrest  and  what  should  he  do  with  those 
arrested?  (1720) 

What  will  invariably  constitute  part  of  the  special  orders  of  a  sentinel 
on  post?  (1721) 

How  should  the  limits  of  a  sentinel's  post  be  defined?     (1721) 
In  what  manner  should  a  sentinel  walk  his  post?     (1722) 
When  are  sentry  boxes  used?     (1723) 

In  very  hot  weather  what  privileges  may  be  granted  to  sentinels  by  the 
officer  of  the  day  or  the  officer  of  the  guard?  (1724) 

What  may  a  mounted  sentinel  do  occasionally  to  rest  himself  and  his 
horse?  (1725) 

When  should  a  sentinel  report  a  violation  of  orders  and  what  should  be 
done  with  the  offender?  (1726) 

For  other  purposes  than  fire,  relief  or  disorder,  how  should  a  sentinel 
call  the  corporal  or  the  guard?  (1727) 

Should  a  sentinel  ever  call  " Never  mind  the  corporal "?     (1727) 
How  does  a  sentinel  call  for  relief  for  sickness  or  other  cause?     (1728) 
What  does  a  sentinel  do  when  he  is  to  be  relieved?     (1729) 
To  whose  orders  is  a  sentinel  on  post  subject?     (1730) 
What  officers  may  investigate  apparent  violations  of  orders  by  mem- 
bers of  the  guard?     (1730) 

When  only  will  a  sentinel  quit  his  piece?     (1731) 

Should  authorized  persons  ever  require  a  sentinel  to  quit  his  piece? 
(1731) 

To  whom  may  a  sentinel  divulge  the  countersign?     (1732) 
When  only  will  privates  of  the  guard  use  the  countersign?     (1732) 
When  calling  for  any  purpose,  challenging,  or  holding  communication 
with  a  person,  what  position  will  a  dismounted  sentinel  take  if  armed  with  a 
rifle  or  saber?     (1733) 

When  challenging  or  holding  communication  what  position  will  a  dis- 
mounted sentinel  take  at  night  if  armed  with  a  pistol?  (1733) 


86  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

When  challenging  or  holding  communication  in  daytime  what  position 
will  a  mounted  sentinel  take?  (1733) 

What  position  will  he  take  at  night?     (1733) 

What  does  a  sentinel  do  in  case  of  fire?     (1734) 

In  case  of  disorder?     (1734) 

When  should  a  member  of  the  guard  salute  all  officers  who  pass  him? 
(1735) 

How  should  a  dismounted  sentinel  salute?     (1736)      (1737) 

How  should  a  mounted  sentinel  salute?     (1736) 

What  is  the  saluting  distance  assumed  to  be?     (1737) 

At  what  distance  is  the  actual  salute  rendered?     (1738) 

How  does  a  sentinel  in  a  sentry  box  salute?     (1739) 

How  does  a  mounted  sentinel  on  a  regular  post  salute?     (1740) 

How  does  a  mounted  sentinel  doing  patrol  duty  salute?     (1740) 

Who  are  entitled  to  salutes  from  sentinels?     (1741) 

What  salutes  does  a  sentinel  render  when  an  officer  comes  on  his  post 
and  holds  conversation  with  him?  (1742) 

During  the  hours  for  challenging  when  is  the  first  salute  given?   (1742) 

Which  sentinels  do  not  salute  after  challenging?     (1742) 

What  do  these  sentinels  do  while  an  officer  is  passing?     (1742) 

What  does  a  sentinel  do  upon  the  approach  of  an  armed  party  of  the 
guard?  (1743) 

Is  an  officer  entitled  to  the  compliments  if  not  in  uniform?     (1743) 

Should  a  sentinel  interrupt  a  conversation  with  an  officer  to  salute? 
(1744) 

What  does  a  sentinel  do  when  the  flag  is  being  lowered  at  retreat?  (1745) 

During  challenging  hours  what  should  a  sentinel  do  upon  the  approach  of 
parties  on  or  near  his  post?  (1746) 

How  will  a  sentinel  challenge  mounted  parties?     (1747) 

Having  challenged,  in  what  manner  will  a  sentinel  advance  the  members 
of  a  party?  (1748) 

Should  a  sentinel  have  doubt  as  to  the  identity  of  parties  challenged, 
what  should  he  do?  (1749) 

If  the  party  challenged  has  not  the  countersign  ©r  gives  an  incorrect  one 
what  does  the  sentinel  do?  (1749) 

To  receive  the  countersign  or  to  recognize  a  party  how  close  should  they 
be  allowed  to  approach?  (1750) 

When  two  or  more  persons  approach  in  one  party  and  have  indicated  that 
one  in  the  party  has  the  countersign,  how  does  the  sentinel  advance  the 
party?  (1751) 

How  is  a  person  alone,  having  the  countersign,  advanced  by  a  sentinel? 
(1753) 

Should  two  or  more  persons  approach  a  sentinel's  post  from  different 
directions  at  the  same  time,  what  should  he  do?  (1753) 

Should  a  sentinel  challenge  and  advance  other  parties  when  he  is  in  com- 
munication with  a  person  at  the  time?  (1754) 

What  order  of  rank  governs  a  sentinel  in  advancing  persons  or  parties 
approaching  his  post?  (1755) 

How  many  parties  may  a  sentinel  allow  to  advance  upon  him  at  a  time? 
(1756) 

If  the  countersign  be  not  used  how  are  the  rules  for  advancing  parties 
modified?  (1757) 

Are  misleading  answers  to  a  sentinel's  challenge  permissible?     (1758) 

What  answers  may  officers,  patrols,  etc.,  make  when  it  is  desired  that 
their  official  capacity  should  not  be  announced?  (1758) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  87 

Special  Orders  for  Sentinels  at  the  Post  of  the  Guard 

What  special  orders  are  sentinels  at  the  post  of  the  guard  required  to 
memorize?  (1759) 

After  a  sentinel  at  the  post  of  the  guard  receives  an  answer  to  his  chal- 
lenge what  does  he  do?  (1760) 

After  challenging  and  calling  the  corporal  when  does  he  resume  walking 
his  post?  (1761) 

What  information  should  he  have  of  persons  in  the  camp  who  are  en- 
titled to  the  compliment?  (1762) 

Give  examples  of  how  he  will  turn  out  the  guard  upon  the  approach  of 
parties  entitled  to  the  compliment?  (1763) 

When  should  he  call  " Never  mind  the  guard"?     (1764) 

On  the  approach. of  an  armed  party,  and  after  having  called  "Turn  out 
the  guard/'  should  he  ever  call  "Never  mind  the  guard7'?  (1765) 

Should  the  guard  be  already  formed,  need  he  call  "Turn  out  the 
guard"?  (1766) 

Should  the  guard  be  turned  out  for  a  person  junior  to  the  one  at  the  post 
of  the  guard  or  approaching  it?  (1766) 

Of  what  will  a  sentinel  at  the  post  of  the  guard  warn  its  commander? 
(1767) 

What  should  he  do  in  case  of  fire  or  disorder  in  sight  or  hearing  t   (1768) 

Countersigns  and  Paroles 

What  is  a  countersign  and  to  whom  is  it  given?     (1770) 
What  is  a  parole  and  to  whom  is  it  imparted?     (1771) 
In  what  form  are  the  countersign  and  parole  sent  to  those  entitled  to 
them?     (1771) 

How  does  the  commander  of  the  guard  demand  the  parole?     (1772) 
Why   are   the   countersign   and   parole   rarely   used   for   outpost   duty? 
(1773) 

What  should  be  the  chief  reliance  on  outpost  duty?     (1773) 
Should  a  sentinel  of  the  guard  pass  persons  whose  sole  means  of  identi- 
fication is  the  countersign  and  whose  authority  to  pass  is  in  doubt?   (1773) 
What  should  be  done  in  such  a  case?     (1773) 
What  names  are  used  for  the  countersign  and  the  parole?     (1774) 
When  it  is  impracticable  to  send  out  countersigns  and  paroles  daily  what 
is  sometimes  done?     (1775) 

Should  the  countersign  be  lost  or  a  member  of  the  guard  desert  with  it, 
what  is  done?  (1776) 

In  addition  to  the  countersign  what  signals  may  be  used  by  guards? 
(1777) 

When  and  by  whom  are  such  signals  used  and  for  what  purpose?     (1777) 

Guard  Patrols 

What  is  a  guard  patrol?     (1778) 

What  is  done  should  a  patrol  be  required  to  go  beyond  the  chain  of  sen- 
tinels? (1779) 

What  is  done  should  a  patrol  be  challenged  by  a  sentinel?     (1780) 

Watchmen 

By  what  authority  may  watchmen  or  overseers  over  prisoners  be  detailed 
and  what  duties  do  they  perform?  (1781) 

Compliments  from  Guards 

What  does  the  compliment  from  a  guard  consist  of?     (1782) 

Are  compliments  paid  between  retreat   and  reveille?     (1782) 


88  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

For  what  purpose  may  a  guard  be  turned  out  between  retreat  and  re- 
veille? (1783) 

Between  reveille  and  retreat  what  persons  are  entitled  to  the  compli- 
ment? (1784) 

What  is  the  relative  rank  between  officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy? 
(1785) 

What  information  is  furnished  sentinels  at  the  post  of  the  guard  con- 
cerning persons  entitled  to  the  compliment?  (1786) 

When  is  the  guard  turned  out  for  the  uncased  colors?  t  (1787) 

What  is  done  when  the  remains  of  a  deceased  officer  or  "soldier  are  car- 
ried past  the  post  of  the  guard?  (1788) 

What  is  done,  in  time  of  war,  when  armed  parties  approach  the  post  of 
the  guard?  (1789) 

What  information  is  furnished  the  commander  of  the  guard  concern- 
ing persons  entitled  to  the  compliment?  (1790) 

Whom  will  members  of  the  guard  salute?     (1790) 

General  Rules  Concerning  Guard  Duty 

What  is  the  punishment  for  the  offense  of  a  sentinel  found  drunk  on 
post,  or  sleeping  on  post  in  time  of  war?  (1791) 

In  time  of  peace?     (1791) 

Should  an  officer  having  authority,  give  material  instructions  to  a  mem- 
ber of  the  guard,  what  should  he  also  do?  (1792) 

What  will  members  of  the  guard  do  should  the  guard  be  formed?   (1793) 

What  do  members  of  the  guard  do  when  the  guard  or  their  relief  is  dis- 
missed? (1794) 

May  members  of  the  guard  leave  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  guard- 
house? (1795) 

May  members  of  the  guard  remove  their  accoutrements  or  clothing? 
(1796) 

Guarding  Prisoners 

When  has  the  sentinel  at  the  post  of  the  guard  charge  of  the  prisoners? 

(1797) 

What  are  his  special  orders  regarding  prisoners?     (1797) 
When  prisoners  are  brought  to  his  post  returning  from  work  or  else- 
where what  should  he  do?     (1797) 

When  should  he  allow  prisoners  to  pass  into  the  guardhouse?     (1797) 
Who  may  be  detailed  to  guard  those  prisoners  who  cannot  be  placed 

under  overseers?      (1798) 

Who  commands  the  prisoner  guard  and  overseers?      (1799) 

Who  is  sergeant  of  the  prisoner  guard  and  overseers  and  from  whom 

does  he  take  orders?     (1800) 

By  whom  and  how  are  prisoner  guards  mounted  and  inspected?     (1801) 
Who  are  responsible  for  prisoners  after  they  have  been  turned  over  to 

the  prisoner  guard  or  overseers?      (1802) 

What  should  a  sentinel  do  if  a  prisoner  attempts  to  escape?     (1803) 
What  should  a  sentinel  of  the  prisoner  guard  or  an  overseer  in  charge 

of  prisoners  do  on  approaching  the  post  of  the  sentinel  at  the  guardhouse? 

(1804) 

What  specific  instructions  are  given  members  of  the  prisoner  guard  and 

overseers  and  for  what  are  they  held  responsible?     (1805) 

Stable  Guards 

What  guards  are  included  under  the  head  of  stable  guards?     (1806) 
When  troop  stable  guards  are  mounted  what  do  they  guard?     (1807) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  89 

Who  guards  the  stables  when  no  stable  guards  are  mounted?     (1807) 
When  stables  are  guarded  by  the  main  guard  what  instructions  are  ob- 
served?    (1807) 

Troop  Stable  Guards 

When  are  troop  stable  guards  used?     (1808) 

Where  are  troop  stable  guards  posted?     (1809) 

What  do  they  consist  of  and  under  whose  control  are  they?     (1809) 

For  what  purpose  are  they  mounted  and  what  special  regulations  do  they 

enforce?     (1809) 

Where  are  the  sentinels  of  stable  guards  posted?     (1810) 

For  what  purpose  may  the  troop  stable  guard  be  used  in  daytime?  (1810) 

How  is  the  troop  stable  guard  mounted  and  armed?     (1811) 

What  is  the  length  of  tour  of  this  guard?     (1812) 

May  this  guard  be  employed  for  police  and  fatigue?     (1813) 

Does  this  guard  attend  stables  with  its  troop?     (1813) 

May  members  of  this  guard  absent  themselves  from  the  vicinity  of  the 

stables?     (1814) 

•How  does  this  guard  arrange  for  meals?     (1815) 
How  are  herd  guards  furnished?     (1816) 
What  is  prohibited  in  stables?     (1817) 

Noncommissioned  Officer  of  the  Troop  Stable  Guard 

What  are  the  duties  of  the  noncommissioned  officer  of  the  troop  stable 
guard?     (1818) 

What  are  his  duties  with  regard  to  horses  returned  to  the  stable  except 
from  a  regular  formation?     (1819) 

What  report  does  he  make  in  case  of  the  abuse  of  a  horse?     (1819) 

What  occurrences  does  he  report  and  to  whom?     (1820) 

Who  only  can  authorize  the  taking  of  horses  or  other  property  under  his 
charge  from  the  stable?     (1821) 

What  calls  must  he  answer  promptly?     (1822) 

What  does  he  do  in  case  of  fire?     (1823)      (1831) 

What  does  he  do  when  it  becomes  necessary  for  him  to  leave  the  guard- 
house?    (1824.) 

Sentinels  of  the  Troop  Stable  Guard 

Sentinels  of  the  troop  stable  guard  are  governed  by  what  regulations? 
(1825) 

From  whom  will  he  receive  orders?     (1826) 

What  verification  of  horses  does  he  make  when  directed  by  the  com- 
manding officer?     (1827) 

May  he  permit  horses  or  equipments  to  be  removed  from  the  stable? 
(1828) 

What  should  he  do  if  a  horse  gets  loose?     (1829) 

What  should  he  do  if  a  horse  be  cast  or  entangled?     (1829) 

What  should  he  do  if  a  horse  is  taken  sick?     (1830) 

What  should  he  do  in  case  of  fire?     (1831) 

What  orders  does  the  stable  sergeant  give  to  sentinels  over  horses  or  in 
charge  of  prisoners?     (1832) 

In  field  artillery  and  machine  gun  organizations  what  has  the  stable 
guard  charge  of?     (1833) 

The  Flag 

How  is  the  lowering  of  the  flag  regulated? 

What  detail  is  made  to  raise  and  lower  the  flag  and  how  are  they  armed 
and  equipped?     (1835) 


90  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TEAINING 

How  does  this  detail  raise  the  flag?     (1835) 
How  does  this  detail  lower  the  flag?     (1836) 

Reveille  and  Retreat  Gun 

Who  fires  the  morning  and  evening  gun?      (1837) 
When  is  the  morning  gun  fired?     (1837) 
When  is  the  evening  gun  fired?     (1837) 

Guard  Mounting 

How  may  guard  mounting  be  held?      (1838) 
When  may  guard  mounting  be  held  mounted?     (1838) 
How  do  details  form  when  infantry  and  mounted  troops  are  united  for 
guard  mounting?     (1839) 

Formal  Guard  Mounting  for  Infantry 

Ordinarily  where  only  will  formal  guard  mounting  be  held?      (1840) 
What  is  done  at  the  assembly  for  guard  mounting?      (1841) 
What  is  done  at  adjutant's  call?     (1842) 

When  the  last  detail  has  formed  what  does  the  sergeant  major  do? 
(1843) 

When  and  where  do  the  officers  of  the  guard  take  post?     (1843) 
When  the  officer  of  the  guard  has  taken  post  what  does  the  adjutant  do? 
(1843) 

What  orderlies  and  sentinels  are  selected  and  by  whom?     (1844) 
Should  there  be  a  junior  officer  of  the  guard  where  does  he  take  post? 
(1844) 

If  there  be  no  officer  of  the  guard  who  inspects  the  guard?      (1844) 
Where  does  a  noncommissioned  officer  commanding  a  guard  take  post 
when  the  guard  is  in  line  and  where  does  he  take  post  when  the  guard  is  in 
column  or  passing  in  review?     (1844) 

When  the  inspection  is  ended  what  does  the  adjutant  do?     (1845) 
What  does  the  band  do  when  it  has  passed  the  officer  of  the  day?   (1845) 
What  does  the  field  music  do  when  the  band  turns  out  of  column?   (1845) 
While  the  band  is  sounding  off  and  while  the  guard  is  marching  in  re- 
view what  do  the  officers  of  the  day  do?     (1845) 

Who  returns  the  salute  of  the  commander  of  the  guard  and  of  the  adju- 
tant? (1845) 

Should  the  guard  be  not  divided  into  platoons  what  commands  are  given 
by  the  adjutant  to  pass  the  guard  in  review?  (1846) 

Informal  Guard  Mounting  for  Infantry 

Where"is~ informal  guard  mounting  held?     (1847) 

What  is  done  at  the  assembly  for  informal  guard  mounting?     (1848) 

What  is  done  at  adjutant's  call  for  informal  guard  mounting?     (1849) 

Relieving  the  Old  Guard 

What  is  done  by  the  old  and  new  guards  during  the  march  of  the  new 
guard  to  its  post?  (1850) 

After  the  new  guard  has  formed  line  and  is  dressed  what  do  the  com- 
manders of  each  guard  do?  (1851) 

Where  do  the  noncommissioned  officers  in  command  of  the  old  and  the 
new  guards  stand?  (1851) 

After  the  new  guard  has  saluted  the  old  guard  what  is  done?     (1852) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING          91 

When  both  guards  are  at  the  guardhouse  and  should  other  persons  en- 
titled to  a  salute  approach,  what  is  done?  (1853) 

After  the  salutes  have  been  acknowledged  by  the  officers  of  the  day, 
what  is  done  by  the  commander  of  the  old  guard?  (1854) 

By  the  commander  of  the  new  guard?     (1854) 

When  are  the  sentinels  and  detachments  of  the  old  guard  relieved? 
(1855) 

What  does  the  commander  of  the  old  guard  transmit  to  the  commander 
of  the  new  guard?  (1855) 

What  may  be  done  if  a  considerable  time  is  required  to  relieve  the  guard 
still  on  post?  (1856) 

When  may  the  field  music  be  dispensed  with?     (1857) 


92  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING 

PART  VIII 
MILITARY  ORGANIZATION 

Composition  of  Infantry  Units 

How  many  battalions  in  a  regiment  of  infantry?     (1858) 
How  many  companies  in  each  battalion?     (1858) 
What  is  the  composition  of  each  company?      (1858) 
What  is  the  composition  of: 
The  headquarters  company? 
The  supply  company? 
The  machine  gun  company?     (1858) 

How  many  surgeons  are  attached  to  a  regiment  and  what  are  their 
grades?  (1858) 

How  many  captains  are  there  in  a  regiment  and  what  positions  do  they 
fill?  (1858) 

How  many  first  lieutenants  in  a  regiment  and  what  positions  do  they 
fill?  (1858) 

Composition  of  Cavalry  Units 

How  many  squadrons  in  a  regiment  of  cavalry?     (1858) 
How  many  troops  in  each  squadron?     (1858) 
What  is  the  composition  of  each  troop?     (1858)  • 
What  is  the  composition  of: 
The  headquarters  troop  ? 
The  supply  troop? 
The  machine  gun  troop?     (1858) 

How  many  surgeons  are  attached  to  a  regiment  and  what  are  their 
grades?  (1858)' 

How  many  captains  are  there  in  a  regiment  and  what  positions  do  they 
fill?  (1858) 

How  many  first  and  second  lieutenants  in  a  regiment  and  what  positions 
do  they  fill?  (1858) 

Composition  of  Field  Artillery  Units 

How  many  gun  and  howitzer  battalions  in  a  regiment  of  field  artillery? 
(1858) 

How  many  batteries  in  a  mountain  artillery  battalion,  and  light  artillery 
gun  or  howitzer  battalion  serving  with  the  field  artillery  or  infantry  divi- 
sions; in  horse  artillery  battalions  and  heavy  field  artillery  gun  or  howitzer 
battalions?  (1858) 

What  is  the  composition  of  each  battery?     (1858) 

What  is  the  composition  of: 
The  headquarters  company? 
The  supply  company?     (1858) 

How  many  surgeons  are  attached  to  a  regiment  and  what  are  their 
grades?  (1858) 

How  many  captains  are  there  in  a  regiment  and  what  positions  do  they 
fill?  (1858) 

How  many  first  and  second  lieutenants  are  there  in  a  regiment  and  what 
positions  do  they  fill?  (1858) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  93 

PART  IX 
MAP  READING  AND  MILITARY  SKETCHING 

CHAPTER   I 
MAP  READING 

What  is  a  map?     (1859) 

What  is  a  military  map  and  what  features  should  it  show?     (1859) 

State  what  is  meant  by  map  reading.      (1860) 

What  is  the  right  way  to  learn  military  reading?     (1860) 

What  is  meant  by  and  why  must  a  map  be  drawn  to  scale?     (1861) 

The  scale  of  the  map  is  the  ratio  between  what  distances?     (1861) 

Give  the  different  methods  of  representing  scales  with  examples  of  each. 
(1862) 

Explain  the  solution,  being  given  the  R.  F.  on  a  map,  to  find  how  many 
miles  011  the  ground  are  represented  by  one  inch  on  the  map.  (1863) 

Being  given  the  R.  F.  construct  a  graphical  scale  to  read  yards.     (1863) 

How  can  you  construct  a  scale  for  a  map  with  no  scale?     (1863) 

How  can  you  construct  a  graphical  scale  from  a  scale  expressed  in  un- 
familiar units?  (1863) 

Solve  the  following  problems  in  scales : 

No.  1;  The  R.  F.  of  a  map  1/1000.  Required:  1.  The  distance  in  miles 
shown  by  one  inch  on  the  map;  2.  To  construct  a  graphical  scale  of  yards; 
also  one  to  read  miles.  (1864) 

No.  2;  A  map  has  a  graphical  scale  on  which  1.5  inches  reads  500  strides. 
1.  What  is  the  R.  F.  of  the  map?  2.  How  many  miles  are  represented  by 
one  inch?  (1864) 

No.  3 ;  The  Leavenworth  map  in  back  of  this  book  has  a  graphical  scale 
and  a  measured  distance  of  1.25  inches  reads  1100  yards.  Required:  1.  The 
R.  F.  of  the  map?  2.  Number  of  miles  shown  by  1  inch  on  the  map? 
(1864) 

No.  4;  Construct  a  scale  to  read  yards  for  a  map  of  R.  F.  1/21120. 

2.     How  many  inches  represent  one  mile?     (1864) 

Explain  the  different  methods  of  scaling  distances  from  a  map?   (1865) 

How  are  the  correct  representations  of  depressions  and  elevations  of  the 
ground  usually  shown?  (1866) 

Explain  how  the  word  contour  is  used  in  connection  with  maps.   (1856) 

What  is  it  important  to  remember  concerning  the  imaginary  horizontal 
planes  cutting  the  surface  of  the  ground?  (1866) 

What  is  the  contour  interval?     (1866) 

Draw  a  figure  showing  what  is  meant  by  contours  and  contour  lines. 
(1866) 

Why  are  contours  numbered  and  what  height  is  shown?     (1866) 

How  many  contours  are  numbered?     (1866) 

What  level  is  the  datum  plane  generally  used  in  maps?     (1866) 

Show  by  a  drawing  the  contours  of  the  following: 

A  cone;  a  half  sphere;  a  concave  cone.      (1866) 

What  additional  points  about  contours  should  be  remembered  in  connec- 
tion with  the  following:  A  water  shed  or  spur;  a  water  course  or  valley; 
contours  of  different  heights  which  unite  and  become  a  single  line;  two  con- 
tours which  cross  each  other;  a  closed  contour  without  another  contour  rep- 
jenting  a  hill  or  a  depression?  (1866) 


94  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TEAINING 

How  can  you  readily  locate  all  the  valleys,  the  ridges  and  hills?     (1866) 
What  is  the  map  distance  or  horizontal  equivalent  and  to  what  is  it  in- 

versely proportional?     (1867) 

How  many  inches  horizontally  on  a  one  degree  slope  give  a  vertical  rise 

ot  one  loot?     (1867) 

(1867^  ^  the  rUlC  f°r  constructing  a  scale  of  maP  distances  for  a  mapf 

determine  by  means  of  a  scale  of  maP 


Name  the  different  ways  in  which  slopes  are  usually  given.     (1868) 
What  is  meant  by  the  following:     A  one  degree  slope:  a  1,  2,  3   etc    per 

cent  slope;  a  one  on  one  (%)  slope;  two  on  three  (%)  etc.,  slope?     (1868) 
To  what  do  the  numerator  and  denominator  usually  refer  in  'the  U 

etc.,  slopes?     (1868) 

Where  are  the  following  usually  used:  Degrees  of  slope;  percentages; 
gradients?  (1868) 

What  degrees  of  slope  are  accessible,  inaccessible,  or  difficult  for  the  fol- 
ttSffln  nCheS  °f  the  service:  Infantry;  cavalry;  artillery;  and  wagons? 


the  normal  S7stem  °f  scales  prescribed  for  U.  S.  Army  field  sketches. 
To  what  does  any  given  length   of  M.   D.   correspond   in  this   system? 


What  is  the  true  meridian;  the  magnetic  meridian,  and  how  is  each 
shown  on  a  map?  (1870) 

What  is  the  magnetic  pole  and  what  effect  does  it  have  on  all  compass 
needles?  (1870) 

What  is  meant  by  the  Magnetic  Declination  and  how  does  it  vary  at  dif- 
ferent points  on  the  earth?  (1870) 

Why  is  it  important  to  know  this  relation?     (1870) 

Describe  the  usual  type  of  box  compass  and  explain  how  to  read  the 
magnetic  angle  (called  magnetic  azimuth).  (1870) 

What  must  be  known  about  a  given  point  on  a  map  in  order  to  fully 
determine  its  position?  (1871) 

What  enables  us  to  determine  the  (1)  distance,  (2)  the  height,  and  (3)  I 
the  direction?  (1871) 

What  is  necessary  in  order  that  the  directions  on  the  map  and  on  the  i 
ground  shall  correspond?  (1872) 

Explain  the  different  methods  of  orienting  a  map.     (1872) 

In  what  different  ways  may  the  true  meridian  be  found?     (1873) 

By  what  means  are  roads,  woods,  streams  and  other  features  of  the  coun- 
try represented  on  a  map?  (1874) 

Draw  the  conventional  signs  for  the  following:  Improved  road;  unim- 
proved road;  railroad;  electric  road;  telegraph  line;  bridges;  stream  (indi- 
cating depth  and  direction  of  flow);  marsh;  cemetery;  cultivated  land; 
trail;  different  kinds  of  fences;  camp;  wire  entanglement;  trench;  fill; 
cut.  (1874) 

Instead  of  using  the  regulation  conventional  signs,  what  is  often  done 
in  hasty  sketching?  (1874) 

What  do  you  understand  by  "visibility,"  and  on  what  is  the  problem  of 
visibility  based?  (1875) 

What  is  it  necessary  for  one  thoroughly  to  understand  in  the  solution  of  ] 
visibility  problems?  (1875) 

Explain  fully  what  you  understand  by  a  profile  and  explain  how  a  pro- 
file is  constructed.  (1875) 


QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITARY  TRAINING  95 

CHAPTER  II 
MILITARY  SKETCHING 

What  is  a  military  sketch*     (1878) 

What  kinds  of  military  sketches  are  there?     (1878) 

What  are  all  kinds  of  military  sketches  intended  to  give  a  military  com- 
mander?    (1878) 

Name  the  general  methods  of  sketching.      (1878) 

Describe  the  method  of  locating  points  by: 
Intersection.     (1879) 
Resection.     (1880) 
Traversing.     (1881) 

Describe  the  determination  of  the  heights  of  hills,  shapes  of  ground,  etc., 
by  contours.     (1882) 

What  is  a  datum  plane?     (1883) 

How  are  contours  numbered  from  this  plane?     (1883) 

In  a  particular  locality  that  is  to  be  sketched  what  points  may  generally 
be  found  showing  the  correct  elevation?     (1883) 

How  can  the  proper  elevations  above  sea  level  for  contours  be  found  by 
using  such  points?     (1883) 

What  will  have  to  be  assumed  in  case  no  point  of  known  elevation  is  at 
hand?     (1883) 

In  contouring  an  area  what  should  always  form  the  frame  work  or  skele- 
ton on  which  the  contours  are  hung?     (1883) 

Before  contours  are  sketched  in,  what  must  be  accurately  determined? 
(1883) 

What  must  the  sketcher  determine  if  he  desires  to  omit  determining  the 
slopes  of  the  stream  lines?     (1883) 

What  should  he  always  remember  when  drawing  in  the  contours?   (1883) 

If  time  permits,  what  should  be  done  to  secure  the  greater  accuracy? 
(1883) 

What  are  form  lines  and  when  are  they  used?     (1884) 

How  are  the  elevations  and  forms  of  the  hills  and  depressions  deter- 
mined?    (1884) 

What  is  the  uniform  system  of  scales  and  contour  intervals  prescribed 
in  the  Army  Regulations?      (1885) 

Why  is  this  uniform  system  a  great  help  in  sketching?     (1885) 

What  is  a  working  scale  and  for  what  units  may  it  be  made?     (1886) 

What  is  the  length  of  a  man's  pace  at  a  natural  walk?     (1887) 

What  must  each  man  determine  and  how  is  it  done?     (1887) 

When  you  know  your  length  of  pace  how  can  the  distance  to  any  point 
be  determined?     (1887) 

What  causes  one's  pace  to  vary?     (1887) 

How  nearly  correct  distances  will  careful  pacing  give  on  level  ground? 
(1887) 

How  does  one's  pace  change  when  a  person  gets  tired?     (1887) 

How  can  this  variation  be  overcome?     (1887) 

What  results  will  shortening  of  the  pace  due  to  fatigue  or  going  over  a 
slope  produce?     (1887) 

When  is  this  apparent?     (1887) 

What  allowance  must  be  made  when  pacing  slopes?     (1887) 

How  do  you  count  paces  and  strides?     (1887) 

Which  scale  has  been  found  far  more  satisfactory  in  practice?   (1887) 

What  methods  may  be  used  in  making  a  working  scale?     (1888) 


96  QUESTIONS  ON  MANUAL  OF  MILITAEY  TEAINING 

What  instruments  are  used  in  position  sketching?     (1889) 

Describe  the  methods  to  be  used.      (1889) 

How  does  the  making  of  an  outpost  sketch  differ  from  a  position  sketch  fl 
(1890) 

What  is  it  often  possible  to  do  in  an  outpost  sketch?      (1890) 

How  may  secondary  base  lines  be  taken?      (1890) 

How  are  details  sketched  in?      (1890) 

What  instruments  are  used  in  road  sketching?      (1891) 

Describe  the  methods  to  be  used.     (1891) 

What  is  combined  sketching  and  what  method  will  insure  that  the  whole 
work  will  tie  up?  (1892) 

Describe  a  second  method  for  combined  sketching.      (1892) 

Where  is  this  method  useful?      (1892) 

What  additional  article  of  the  sketcher's  equipment  proves  most  valu- 
able, and  why?  (1892) 

What  kind  of  paper  should  be  used  for  sketching?      (1892) 

How  is  the  sketch  protected  from  the  rain?      (1892) 

What  points  should  a  beginner  remember?     (1893) 

Above  all  things  what  should  you  never  do  in  making  a  map?      (1893] 

What  happens  if  a  man  has  to  use  a  map  that  is  faked?      (1893) 

- 


Photomount 

Pamphlet 

Binder 

Gaytord  Bros.,  Inc. 

Makers 
Stockton,  Calif. 

PAT.  JAN.  21.  1908 


933515 


Ol\3 


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